COVID-19 pandemic response in the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion: methods, participation and recommendations of a longitudinal cross-border study

• Published in: Archives of public health = Archives belges de santé publique Vol. 81; no. 1; p. 91
• Main Authors: Stabourlos, C, van Bilsen, C J A, Brinkhues, S, Moonen, C P B, Demarest, S, Hanssen, D A T, van Loo, I H M, Savelkoul, P H M, Philippsen, D, van der Zanden, B A M, Dukers-Muijrers, N H T M, Hoebe, C J P A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 13-05-2023; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Age groups; Analysis; Antibodies; Antigens; Belgium; Blood; Communicable diseases; Comparative analysis; Consortia; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 serological testing; COVID-19 vaccines; Cross border; Data collection; Digital map services; Disease control; Disease prevention; Disease transmission; Epidemics; Extinction; Fieldwork; Germany; Health; Health aspects; Health behavior; Health risks; Health services; Health surveys; Infections; Infectious diseases; International health regulations; Longitudinal studies; Medical research; Methodology; Methods; Meuse-Rhine Euroregion; Netherlands; Pandemics; Participation; Prospective longitudinal studies; Public health; Questionnaires; Sample size; Serology; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Social networks; Viral antibodies; World health; Belgium; Netherlands; Germany; Aachen Germany; Europe; Prospective longitudinal studies; SARS-CoV-2; Health; International health regulations; Cross border; Pandemic response; COVID-19 serological testing; Meuse-Rhine Euroregion; Pandemic preparedness
• ISSN: 0778-7367; 2049-3258; 2049-3258
• DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01102-6

Comparative data collection in transborder areas can contribute to informed decision making processes when dealing with borderless health threats such as pandemics, and thus help minimize the negative health effects for its citizens. To examine the pandemic response over time and the impact of infectious disease control in a cross-border setting, a prospective longitudinal study was conducted in the border area between Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands. In the spring of 2021, a random sample of 26,925 adult citizens selected from governmental registries was invited to collect a blood sample at home for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing and to fill in an online questionnaire on attitudes and behaviour towards infection prevention measures, cross-border mobility, social network and support, COVID-19 self-reported infection(s) and symptoms, vaccination, general self-reported health and socio-demographics. In autumn 2021, participants were invited for a follow-up round. An online tool was developed to coordinate fieldwork procedures, real-time monitoring of participation and consultation of antibody test results. Furthermore, a helpdesk in all three languages for participants' support was set up.
In the first round, 6,006 citizens in the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion participated. 15.3% of the invited citizens on the Belgian side of the border participated. In the Netherlands and Germany this was respectively 27% and 23.7%. In the follow-up round 4,286 (71.4%) citizens participated for the second time. The participation rate was highest in the age group 50-69 years and lowest in > 80 in all sub regions of the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion. More women participated than men. Overall, more blood samples were returned than completed questionnaires. In total, 3,344 citizens in the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion completed all components of participation in both rounds.
The collection of comparative data can help better assess the pandemic response and the impact of infectious disease control in a cross-border area. Recommendations for a longitudinal cross-border study include a centralized online environment, mapping out potential challenges related to national regulations in the preparation phase and organizing regional coordination centres to create more familiarity and trust towards the involved organisations.