Gelatin-chlorin e6 conjugate for in vivo photodynamic therapy

Improving the water solubility of hydrophobic photosensitizer and increasing its accumulation in tumor tissue are essential for in vivo photodynamic therapy (PDT). Considering commercialization or clinical application in future, it will be promising to achieve these purposes by developing new agents...

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Published in:	Journal of nanobiotechnology Vol. 17; no. 1; pp. 50 - 12
Main Authors:	Son, Jihwan, Yi, Gawon, Kwak, Moon-Hwa, Yang, Seung Mok, Park, Jae Myung, Lee, Bo-In, Choi, Myung-Gyu, Koo, Heebeom
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BioMed Central Ltd 05-04-2019 BioMed Central BMC
Subjects:	Accumulation Active oxygen Additives Cancer therapies Chlorin e6 Chondroitin sulfate Conjugation Drug delivery Drug delivery systems Euthanasia Fluorescence Gelatin Health aspects Heparin Hyaluronic acid Methods Molecular weight Nanoparticle Nanoparticles Photochemotherapy Photodynamic therapy Physiological aspects Polymers Polysaccharides Saccharides Toxicity Tumor-targeting Tumors South Korea United States > US Japan Chlorin e6 Drug delivery Photodynamic therapy Tumor-targeting Gelatin Nanoparticle
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Abstract	Improving the water solubility of hydrophobic photosensitizer and increasing its accumulation in tumor tissue are essential for in vivo photodynamic therapy (PDT). Considering commercialization or clinical application in future, it will be promising to achieve these purposes by developing new agents with simple and non-toxic structure. We conjugated multiple chlorin e6 (Ce6) molecules to gelatin polymer, synthesizing two types of gelatin-Ce6 conjugates with different amounts of Ce6: gelatin-Ce6-2 and gelatin-Ce6-8. The resulting conjugates remained soluble in aqueous solutions for a longer time than hydrophobic Ce6. The conjugates could generate singlet oxygen and kill tumor cells upon laser irradiation. After intravenous injection into SCC-7 tumor-bearing mice, gelatin-Ce6-2 showed prolonged blood circulation and highly increased accumulation in tumor tissue as observed in real-time imaging in vivo. After laser irradiation, gelatin-Ce6-2 suppressed tumor growth completely and enabled improved PDT compared to free Ce6 and gelatin-Ce6-8. This work demonstrates that a simple structure based on photosensitizer and gelatin can highly improve water solubility and stability. Superior tumor tissue accumulation and increased therapeutic efficacy of gelatin-Ce6 during in vivo PDT showed its high potential for clinical application.
AbstractList	[...]in different with other natural polysaccharides like hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, heparin, and pullulan, gelatin has multiple amine groups. According to the animal protection act of guideline for IACUC (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Korea), when the diameter of subcutaneous tumor was 17 mm or more, the experiment was stopped, and euthanasia was performed. [...]we think that this is not a critical problem because the enhanced tumor accumulation of gelatin–Ce6 overrides the effect of its weakened cellular uptake, as shown in the following in vivo data. Because the number of conjugated Ce6 was calculated by fluorescence per weight, there is a possibility that it was different with exact number due to quenching effect between multiple Ce6 molecules conjugated to one polymer. [...]the increased molecular weight after conjugation with a large gelatin polymer also resulted in high accumulation through EPR, as described above [12]. Abstract Background Improving the water solubility of hydrophobic photosensitizer and increasing its accumulation in tumor tissue are essential for in vivo photodynamic therapy (PDT). Considering commercialization or clinical application in future, it will be promising to achieve these purposes by developing new agents with simple and non-toxic structure. Results We conjugated multiple chlorin e6 (Ce6) molecules to gelatin polymer, synthesizing two types of gelatin–Ce6 conjugates with different amounts of Ce6: gelatin–Ce6-2 and gelatin–Ce6-8. The resulting conjugates remained soluble in aqueous solutions for a longer time than hydrophobic Ce6. The conjugates could generate singlet oxygen and kill tumor cells upon laser irradiation. After intravenous injection into SCC-7 tumor-bearing mice, gelatin–Ce6-2 showed prolonged blood circulation and highly increased accumulation in tumor tissue as observed in real-time imaging in vivo. After laser irradiation, gelatin–Ce6-2 suppressed tumor growth completely and enabled improved PDT compared to free Ce6 and gelatin–Ce6-8. Conclusions This work demonstrates that a simple structure based on photosensitizer and gelatin can highly improve water solubility and stability. Superior tumor tissue accumulation and increased therapeutic efficacy of gelatin–Ce6 during in vivo PDT showed its high potential for clinical application. Improving the water solubility of hydrophobic photosensitizer and increasing its accumulation in tumor tissue are essential for in vivo photodynamic therapy (PDT). Considering commercialization or clinical application in future, it will be promising to achieve these purposes by developing new agents with simple and non-toxic structure. We conjugated multiple chlorin e6 (Ce6) molecules to gelatin polymer, synthesizing two types of gelatin-Ce6 conjugates with different amounts of Ce6: gelatin-Ce6-2 and gelatin-Ce6-8. The resulting conjugates remained soluble in aqueous solutions for a longer time than hydrophobic Ce6. The conjugates could generate singlet oxygen and kill tumor cells upon laser irradiation. After intravenous injection into SCC-7 tumor-bearing mice, gelatin-Ce6-2 showed prolonged blood circulation and highly increased accumulation in tumor tissue as observed in real-time imaging in vivo. After laser irradiation, gelatin-Ce6-2 suppressed tumor growth completely and enabled improved PDT compared to free Ce6 and gelatin-Ce6-8. This work demonstrates that a simple structure based on photosensitizer and gelatin can highly improve water solubility and stability. Superior tumor tissue accumulation and increased therapeutic efficacy of gelatin-Ce6 during in vivo PDT showed its high potential for clinical application. Background Improving the water solubility of hydrophobic photosensitizer and increasing its accumulation in tumor tissue are essential for in vivo photodynamic therapy (PDT). Considering commercialization or clinical application in future, it will be promising to achieve these purposes by developing new agents with simple and non-toxic structure. Results We conjugated multiple chlorin e6 (Ce6) molecules to gelatin polymer, synthesizing two types of gelatin-Ce6 conjugates with different amounts of Ce6: gelatin-Ce6-2 and gelatin-Ce6-8. The resulting conjugates remained soluble in aqueous solutions for a longer time than hydrophobic Ce6. The conjugates could generate singlet oxygen and kill tumor cells upon laser irradiation. After intravenous injection into SCC-7 tumor-bearing mice, gelatin-Ce6-2 showed prolonged blood circulation and highly increased accumulation in tumor tissue as observed in real-time imaging in vivo. After laser irradiation, gelatin-Ce6-2 suppressed tumor growth completely and enabled improved PDT compared to free Ce6 and gelatin-Ce6-8. Conclusions This work demonstrates that a simple structure based on photosensitizer and gelatin can highly improve water solubility and stability. Superior tumor tissue accumulation and increased therapeutic efficacy of gelatin-Ce6 during in vivo PDT showed its high potential for clinical application. Keywords: Gelatin, Photodynamic therapy, Nanoparticle, Chlorin e6, Drug delivery, Tumor-targeting Improving the water solubility of hydrophobic photosensitizer and increasing its accumulation in tumor tissue are essential for in vivo photodynamic therapy (PDT). Considering commercialization or clinical application in future, it will be promising to achieve these purposes by developing new agents with simple and non-toxic structure. We conjugated multiple chlorin e6 (Ce6) molecules to gelatin polymer, synthesizing two types of gelatin-Ce6 conjugates with different amounts of Ce6: gelatin-Ce6-2 and gelatin-Ce6-8. The resulting conjugates remained soluble in aqueous solutions for a longer time than hydrophobic Ce6. The conjugates could generate singlet oxygen and kill tumor cells upon laser irradiation. After intravenous injection into SCC-7 tumor-bearing mice, gelatin-Ce6-2 showed prolonged blood circulation and highly increased accumulation in tumor tissue as observed in real-time imaging in vivo. After laser irradiation, gelatin-Ce6-2 suppressed tumor growth completely and enabled improved PDT compared to free Ce6 and gelatin-Ce6-8. This work demonstrates that a simple structure based on photosensitizer and gelatin can highly improve water solubility and stability. Superior tumor tissue accumulation and increased therapeutic efficacy of gelatin-Ce6 during in vivo PDT showed its high potential for clinical application.
ArticleNumber	50
Audience	Academic
Author	Son, Jihwan Yi, Gawon Kwak, Moon-Hwa Park, Jae Myung Lee, Bo-In Yang, Seung Mok Choi, Myung-Gyu Koo, Heebeom
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jihwan surname: Son fullname: Son, Jihwan organization: Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea – sequence: 2 givenname: Gawon surname: Yi fullname: Yi, Gawon organization: Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea – sequence: 3 givenname: Moon-Hwa surname: Kwak fullname: Kwak, Moon-Hwa organization: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 4 givenname: Seung Mok surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Seung Mok organization: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 5 givenname: Jae Myung surname: Park fullname: Park, Jae Myung organization: Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 6 givenname: Bo-In surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Bo-In organization: Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 7 givenname: Myung-Gyu surname: Choi fullname: Choi, Myung-Gyu organization: Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 8 givenname: Heebeom orcidid: 0000-0002-2193-6583 surname: Koo fullname: Koo, Heebeom email: hbkoo@catholic.ac.kr, hbkoo@catholic.ac.kr, hbkoo@catholic.ac.kr organization: Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. hbkoo@catholic.ac.kr
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Keywords	Chlorin e6 Drug delivery Photodynamic therapy Tumor-targeting Gelatin Nanoparticle
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Snippet	Improving the water solubility of hydrophobic photosensitizer and increasing its accumulation in tumor tissue are essential for in vivo photodynamic therapy... Background Improving the water solubility of hydrophobic photosensitizer and increasing its accumulation in tumor tissue are essential for in vivo photodynamic... [...]in different with other natural polysaccharides like hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, heparin, and pullulan, gelatin has multiple amine groups.... Abstract Background Improving the water solubility of hydrophobic photosensitizer and increasing its accumulation in tumor tissue are essential for in vivo...
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SubjectTerms	Accumulation Active oxygen Additives Cancer therapies Chlorin e6 Chondroitin sulfate Conjugation Drug delivery Drug delivery systems Euthanasia Fluorescence Gelatin Health aspects Heparin Hyaluronic acid Methods Molecular weight Nanoparticle Nanoparticles Photochemotherapy Photodynamic therapy Physiological aspects Polymers Polysaccharides Saccharides Toxicity Tumor-targeting Tumors
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Title	Gelatin-chlorin e6 conjugate for in vivo photodynamic therapy
URI	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30953510 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2211411658 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6449946 https://doaj.org/article/bc770d41e989482b82ab755cbd7d0223
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