Effects of inhalation of low-dose nitrite or carbon monoxide on post-reperfusion mitochondrial function and tissue injury in hemorrhagic shock swine
Tissue reperfusion following hemorrhagic shock may paradoxically cause tissue injury and organ dysfunction by mitochondrial free radical expression. Both nitrite and carbon monoxide (CO) may protect from this reperfusion injury by limiting mitochondrial free radial production. We explored the effect...
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| Published in: | Critical care (London, England) Vol. 19; no. 1; p. 184 |
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22-04-2015
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| Abstract | Tissue reperfusion following hemorrhagic shock may paradoxically cause tissue injury and organ dysfunction by mitochondrial free radical expression. Both nitrite and carbon monoxide (CO) may protect from this reperfusion injury by limiting mitochondrial free radial production. We explored the effects of very small doses of inhaled nitrite and CO on tissue injury in a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock.
Twenty pigs (mean wt. 30.6 kg, range 27.2 to 36.4 kg) had microdialysis catheters inserted in muscle, peritoneum, and liver to measure lactate, pyruvate, glucose, glycerol, and nitrite. Nineteen of the pigs were bled at a rate of 20 ml/min to a mean arterial pressure of 30 mmHg and kept between 30 and 40 mmHg for 90 minutes and then resuscitated. One pig was instrumented but not bled (sham). Hemorrhaged animals were randomized to inhale nothing (control, n = 7), 11 mg nitrite (nitrite, n = 7) or 250 ppm CO (CO, n = 5) over 30 minutes before fluid resuscitation. Mitochondrial respiratory control ratio was measured in muscle biopsies. Repeated measures from microdialysis catheters were analyzed in a random effects mixed model.
Neither nitrite nor CO had any effects on the measured hemodynamic variables. Following inhalation of nitrite, plasma, but not tissue, nitrite increased. Following reperfusion, plasma nitrite only increased in the control and CO groups. Thereafter, nitrite decreased only in the nitrite group. Inhalation of nitrite was associated with decreases in blood lactate, whereas both nitrite and CO were associated with decreases in glycerol release into peritoneal fluid. Following resuscitation, the muscular mitochondrial respiratory control ratio was reduced in the control group but preserved in the nitrite and CO groups.
We conclude that small doses of nebulized sodium nitrite or inhaled CO may be associated with intestinal protection during resuscitation from severe hemorrhagic shock. |
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| AbstractList | INTRODUCTIONTissue reperfusion following hemorrhagic shock may paradoxically cause tissue injury and organ dysfunction by mitochondrial free radical expression. Both nitrite and carbon monoxide (CO) may protect from this reperfusion injury by limiting mitochondrial free radial production. We explored the effects of very small doses of inhaled nitrite and CO on tissue injury in a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock.METHODSTwenty pigs (mean wt. 30.6 kg, range 27.2 to 36.4 kg) had microdialysis catheters inserted in muscle, peritoneum, and liver to measure lactate, pyruvate, glucose, glycerol, and nitrite. Nineteen of the pigs were bled at a rate of 20 ml/min to a mean arterial pressure of 30 mmHg and kept between 30 and 40 mmHg for 90 minutes and then resuscitated. One pig was instrumented but not bled (sham). Hemorrhaged animals were randomized to inhale nothing (control, n = 7), 11 mg nitrite (nitrite, n = 7) or 250 ppm CO (CO, n = 5) over 30 minutes before fluid resuscitation. Mitochondrial respiratory control ratio was measured in muscle biopsies. Repeated measures from microdialysis catheters were analyzed in a random effects mixed model.RESULTSNeither nitrite nor CO had any effects on the measured hemodynamic variables. Following inhalation of nitrite, plasma, but not tissue, nitrite increased. Following reperfusion, plasma nitrite only increased in the control and CO groups. Thereafter, nitrite decreased only in the nitrite group. Inhalation of nitrite was associated with decreases in blood lactate, whereas both nitrite and CO were associated with decreases in glycerol release into peritoneal fluid. Following resuscitation, the muscular mitochondrial respiratory control ratio was reduced in the control group but preserved in the nitrite and CO groups.CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that small doses of nebulized sodium nitrite or inhaled CO may be associated with intestinal protection during resuscitation from severe hemorrhagic shock. Introduction Tissue reperfusion following hemorrhagic shock may paradoxically cause tissue injury and organ dysfunction by mitochondrial free radical expression. Both nitrite and carbon monoxide (CO) may protect from this reperfusion injury by limiting mitochondrial free radial production. We explored the effects of very small doses of inhaled nitrite and CO on tissue injury in a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock. Methods Twenty pigs (mean wt. 30.6 kg, range 27.2 to 36.4 kg) had microdialysis catheters inserted in muscle, peritoneum, and liver to measure lactate, pyruvate, glucose, glycerol, and nitrite. Nineteen of the pigs were bled at a rate of 20 ml/min to a mean arterial pressure of 30 mmHg and kept between 30 and 40 mmHg for 90 minutes and then resuscitated. One pig was instrumented but not bled (sham). Hemorrhaged animals were randomized to inhale nothing (control, n = 7), 11 mg nitrite (nitrite, n = 7) or 250 ppm CO (CO, n = 5) over 30 minutes before fluid resuscitation. Mitochondrial respiratory control ratio was measured in muscle biopsies. Repeated measures from microdialysis catheters were analyzed in a random effects mixed model. Results Neither nitrite nor CO had any effects on the measured hemodynamic variables. Following inhalation of nitrite, plasma, but not tissue, nitrite increased. Following reperfusion, plasma nitrite only increased in the control and CO groups. Thereafter, nitrite decreased only in the nitrite group. Inhalation of nitrite was associated with decreases in blood lactate, whereas both nitrite and CO were associated with decreases in glycerol release into peritoneal fluid. Following resuscitation, the muscular mitochondrial respiratory control ratio was reduced in the control group but preserved in the nitrite and CO groups. Conclusions We conclude that small doses of nebulized sodium nitrite or inhaled CO may be associated with intestinal protection during resuscitation from severe hemorrhagic shock. Key messages * Low doses of nitrite or carbon monoxide may protect intestine from reperfusion injury when inhaled during hemorrhagic shock * The effects of nitrite and carbon monoxide are probably exerted at a mitochondrial level * Low doses of inhaled nebulized nitrite or carbon monoxide have no effects on macrohemodynamic parameters * Microdialysis catheters allow investigating metabolic changes at organ or tissue level Abbreviations ADP: adenosine diphosphate ALT: alanine aminotransferase AMPK: adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase AST: alanine aminotransferase ATP: adenosine triphosphate BW: body weight CCO: cardiac output CI: confidence interval CO: carbon monoxide COHb: carboxyhemoglobin e.f.e.: estimated fixed effect eNOS: endothelial nitrous oxide synthase FiO2 : fraction of inspired oxygen HR: heart rate LPR: lactate to pyruvate ratio MAP: mean arterial pressure METHb: methemoglobin MPAP: mean pulmonary arterial pressure NADH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase NADPH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NaNO2 : sodium nitrite NO: nitrous oxide RCR: respiratory control ratio RNS: reactive nitrogen species ROS: reactive oxygen species SvO2 : mixed venous oxygen saturation SVV: stroke volume variation TBV: total blood volume wt.: weight Declarations Funding Supported by US Department of Defense grant DM102439 CDMRP and National Institutes of Health grants HL67101, HL07820, HL109068, and 1K12HL109068-02, and South-Eastern Norwegian Health Authorities grants 2012058 and 2013121. Nitrite therapy after cardiac arrest reduces reactive oxygen species generation, improves cardiac and neurological function, and enhances survival via reversible inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Circulation. 2009;120:897-905.Google Scholar Dezfulian C, Alekseyenko A, Dave KR, Raval AP, Do R, Kim F, et al. Inhaled nitric oxide attenuates the adverse effects of transfusing stored syngeneic erythrocytes in mice with endothelial dysfunction after hemorrhagic shock. Plasma nitrite rather than nitrate reflects regional endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity but lacks intrinsic vasodilator action. Tissue reperfusion following hemorrhagic shock may paradoxically cause tissue injury and organ dysfunction by mitochondrial free radical expression. Both nitrite and carbon monoxide (CO) may protect from this reperfusion injury by limiting mitochondrial free radial production. We explored the effects of very small doses of inhaled nitrite and CO on tissue injury in a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock. Twenty pigs (mean wt. 30.6 kg, range 27.2 to 36.4 kg) had microdialysis catheters inserted in muscle, peritoneum, and liver to measure lactate, pyruvate, glucose, glycerol, and nitrite. Nineteen of the pigs were bled at a rate of 20 ml/min to a mean arterial pressure of 30 mmHg and kept between 30 and 40 mmHg for 90 minutes and then resuscitated. One pig was instrumented but not bled (sham). Hemorrhaged animals were randomized to inhale nothing (control, n = 7), 11 mg nitrite (nitrite, n = 7) or 250 ppm CO (CO, n = 5) over 30 minutes before fluid resuscitation. Mitochondrial respiratory control ratio was measured in muscle biopsies. Repeated measures from microdialysis catheters were analyzed in a random effects mixed model. Neither nitrite nor CO had any effects on the measured hemodynamic variables. Following inhalation of nitrite, plasma, but not tissue, nitrite increased. Following reperfusion, plasma nitrite only increased in the control and CO groups. Thereafter, nitrite decreased only in the nitrite group. Inhalation of nitrite was associated with decreases in blood lactate, whereas both nitrite and CO were associated with decreases in glycerol release into peritoneal fluid. Following resuscitation, the muscular mitochondrial respiratory control ratio was reduced in the control group but preserved in the nitrite and CO groups. We conclude that small doses of nebulized sodium nitrite or inhaled CO may be associated with intestinal protection during resuscitation from severe hemorrhagic shock. Tissue reperfusion following hemorrhagic shock may paradoxically cause tissue injury and organ dysfunction by mitochondrial free radical expression. Both nitrite and carbon monoxide (CO) may protect from this reperfusion injury by limiting mitochondrial free radial production. We explored the effects of very small doses of inhaled nitrite and CO on tissue injury in a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock. Twenty pigs (mean wt. 30.6 kg, range 27.2 to 36.4 kg) had microdialysis catheters inserted in muscle, peritoneum, and liver to measure lactate, pyruvate, glucose, glycerol, and nitrite. Nineteen of the pigs were bled at a rate of 20 ml/min to a mean arterial pressure of 30 mmHg and kept between 30 and 40 mmHg for 90 minutes and then resuscitated. One pig was instrumented but not bled (sham). Hemorrhaged animals were randomized to inhale nothing (control, n = 7), 11 mg nitrite (nitrite, n = 7) or 250 ppm CO (CO, n = 5) over 30 minutes before fluid resuscitation. Mitochondrial respiratory control ratio was measured in muscle biopsies. Repeated measures from microdialysis catheters were analyzed in a random effects mixed model. Neither nitrite nor CO had any effects on the measured hemodynamic variables. Following inhalation of nitrite, plasma, but not tissue, nitrite increased. Following reperfusion, plasma nitrite only increased in the control and CO groups. Thereafter, nitrite decreased only in the nitrite group. Inhalation of nitrite was associated with decreases in blood lactate, whereas both nitrite and CO were associated with decreases in glycerol release into peritoneal fluid. Following resuscitation, the muscular mitochondrial respiratory control ratio was reduced in the control group but preserved in the nitrite and CO groups. We conclude that small doses of nebulized sodium nitrite or inhaled CO may be associated with intestinal protection during resuscitation from severe hemorrhagic shock. |
| ArticleNumber | 184 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Kenny, Elizabeth Gómez, Hernando Airgood, Hannah Zuckerbraun, Brian Maberry, Donald R Ogundele, Olufunmilayo Haugaa, Håkon Shiva, Sruti Tønnessen, Tor Inge Holder, Andre Escobar, Daniel Pinsky, Michael R Quintero, Ana Maria B Dezfulian, Cameron |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Håkon surname: Haugaa fullname: Haugaa, Håkon email: hakon.haugaa@medisin.uio.no, hakon.haugaa@medisin.uio.no, hakon.haugaa@medisin.uio.no organization: Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 20 0424, Oslo, Norway. hakon.haugaa@medisin.uio.no – sequence: 2 givenname: Hernando surname: Gómez fullname: Gómez, Hernando email: gomezh@upmc.edu, gomezh@upmc.edu organization: Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. gomezh@upmc.edu – sequence: 3 givenname: Donald R surname: Maberry fullname: Maberry, Donald R email: maberry50@gmail.com organization: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cardiopulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA. maberry50@gmail.com – sequence: 4 givenname: Andre surname: Holder fullname: Holder, Andre email: holderal@upmc.edu organization: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cardiopulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA. holderal@upmc.edu – sequence: 5 givenname: Olufunmilayo surname: Ogundele fullname: Ogundele, Olufunmilayo email: ogundele99@gmail.com organization: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cardiopulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA. ogundele99@gmail.com – sequence: 6 givenname: Ana Maria B surname: Quintero fullname: Quintero, Ana Maria B email: aboteroqui@nshs.edu organization: Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 20 0424, Oslo, Norway. aboteroqui@nshs.edu – sequence: 7 givenname: Daniel surname: Escobar fullname: Escobar, Daniel email: escobarda@uthscscsa.edu organization: Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 20 0424, Oslo, Norway. escobarda@uthscscsa.edu – sequence: 8 givenname: Tor Inge surname: Tønnessen fullname: Tønnessen, Tor Inge email: t.i.tonnessen@medisin.uio.no, t.i.tonnessen@medisin.uio.no organization: Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 20 0424, Oslo, Norway. t.i.tonnessen@medisin.uio.no – sequence: 9 givenname: Hannah surname: Airgood fullname: Airgood, Hannah email: airgood@susqu.edu organization: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. airgood@susqu.edu – sequence: 10 givenname: Cameron surname: Dezfulian fullname: Dezfulian, Cameron email: dezfulianc@upmc.edu organization: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. dezfulianc@upmc.edu – sequence: 11 givenname: Elizabeth surname: Kenny fullname: Kenny, Elizabeth email: kenny.elizabeth@medstudent.pitt.edu organization: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. kenny.elizabeth@medstudent.pitt.edu – sequence: 12 givenname: Sruti surname: Shiva fullname: Shiva, Sruti email: sss43@pitt.edu organization: Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. sss43@pitt.edu – sequence: 13 givenname: Brian surname: Zuckerbraun fullname: Zuckerbraun, Brian email: zuckerbraunbs@upmc.edu organization: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3380 Boulevard of the Allies 390, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. zuckerbraunbs@upmc.edu – sequence: 14 givenname: Michael R surname: Pinsky fullname: Pinsky, Michael R email: pinskymr@ccm.upmc.edu organization: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cardiopulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA. pinskymr@ccm.upmc.edu |
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| Snippet | Tissue reperfusion following hemorrhagic shock may paradoxically cause tissue injury and organ dysfunction by mitochondrial free radical expression. Both... Introduction Tissue reperfusion following hemorrhagic shock may paradoxically cause tissue injury and organ dysfunction by mitochondrial free radical... Key messages * Low doses of nitrite or carbon monoxide may protect intestine from reperfusion injury when inhaled during hemorrhagic shock * The effects of... INTRODUCTIONTissue reperfusion following hemorrhagic shock may paradoxically cause tissue injury and organ dysfunction by mitochondrial free radical... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adenosine Administration, Inhalation Animals Apoptosis Carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide - administration & dosage Catheters Complications and side effects Critical care Experiments Glycerin Glycerol Hemorrhagic shock Hogs Hypoxia Intensive care Ischemia Kinases Lactates Liver Metabolism Metabolites Microdialysis - methods Mitochondria - physiology Nitric oxide Nitrites - administration & dosage Nitrous oxide Oxygen Consumption - drug effects Oxygen Consumption - physiology Reperfusion Injury - metabolism Reperfusion Injury - pathology Reperfusion Injury - prevention & control Risk factors Rodents Sepsis Shock, Hemorrhagic - drug therapy Shock, Hemorrhagic - metabolism Shock, Hemorrhagic - pathology Swine Trauma Treatment Outcome Writing |
| Title | Effects of inhalation of low-dose nitrite or carbon monoxide on post-reperfusion mitochondrial function and tissue injury in hemorrhagic shock swine |
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