Bottom-up versus top-down control of tree regeneration in the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland

1. We tested the interactions between biotic and abiotic factors in structuring temperate forest communities by comparing tree recruitment after 7 years inside 30 pairs of exclosure (excluding ungulates: red deer, roe deer, bison, moose, wild boar) and control plots (7 x 7 m each) in one of the most...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The Journal of ecology Vol. 98; no. 4; pp. 888 - 899
Main Authors:	Kuijper, Dries P.J, Cromsigt, Joris P.G.M, Jędrzejewska, Bogumiła, Miścicki, Stanisław, Churski, Marcin, Jędrzejewski, Włodzimierz, Kweczlich, Iwona
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford, UK Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-07-2010 Blackwell Publishing Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Subjects:	Abiotic factors Alces alces Animal behavior Biodiversity Bison Capreolus capreolus Cattle Cervus elaphus Deer deer cervus-elaphus Ecosystems exclosure Forest canopy Forest ecology Forest regeneration Forests herbaceous vegetation Herbivores herbivory hornbeam moose natural regeneration plant-communities Plant-herbivore interactions predation risk primary productivity red deer roe deer Saplings Seedlings Soil fertility species diversity tolerance to browsing Trees Ungulates Vegetation Vegetation cover white-tailed deer wild boar wild boars yellowstone-national-park Poland Europe
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