Yield potential progress in short bread wheats in northwest Mexico

• Published in: Crop science Vol. 37; no. 1; pp. 36 - 42
• Main Authors: Sayre, K.D. (CIMMYT, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.), Rajaram, S, Fischer, R.A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Madison, WI Crop Science Society of America 01-01-1997; American Society of Agronomy
• Subjects: Agricultural production; Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; ALTURA; Biological and medical sciences; CARACTERES DE RENDIMIENTO; COMPOSANTE DE RENDEMENT; Crop yield; Crop yields; Cultivars; ENANO; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Genetics and breeding of economic plants; GERMOPLASMA; GERMPLASM; GRAIN; GRANOS; HAUTEUR; IRRIGATION; METHODE D'AMELIORATION GENETIQUE; METODOS DE MEJORAMIENTO GENETICO; MEXICO; MEXIQUE; NAIN; REGIME HYDRIQUE DU SOL; REGIMEN HIDRICO DEL SUELO; RENDEMENT DES CULTURES; RENDIMIENTO DE CULTIVOS; RIEGO; TRITICUM AESTIVUM; VARIEDADES; Varietal selection. Specialized plant breeding, plant breeding aims; VARIETE; Wheat; Yield, quality, earliness, varia; Central America; Mexico; America; Monocotyledones; Variety trial; Developing countries; Many-yeared experiment; Cereal crop; Field experiment; Gramineae; Angiospermae; Development; Subtropical zone; Genetic gain; Spring crops; Varietal selection; Semidwarf type; Growth habit; Quantitative genetics; Northwest; Genotype environment interaction; Genetic improvement; Environmental effect; Spermatophyta; Yield; Yield component; Triticum aestivum; Cultivar
• ISSN: 0011-183X; 1435-0653
• DOI: 10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183x003700010006x

Germplasm from the spring wheat (Trifolium aestivum L.) breeding program at the International Center for Improvement of Maize and wheat (CIMMYT) has had a major impact on the yield of irrigated spring wheats in most developing countries in the past 30 yr. The rate and nature of yield potential progress in this germplasm was measured comparing eight outstanding short cultivars released in northwest Mexico between 1962 and 1986. They were grown under irrigation and optimal management, including disease and lodging protection, in each of six winter growing seasons (1989-1990 to 1994-1995) at the CIANO (Centro de Investigaciones Agricolas del Noroeste) experiment station in Sonora, Mexico. There were highly significant effects of cultivar on grain yield, and, although cultivar x year interaction was significant, there were few significant crossover interactions between pairs of genotypes and years in the grain yield data set. Yield averaged across the 6 yr increased linearly from 6680 kg ha-1 for the earliest cultivar, Pitic 62, to 8475 kg ha-1 for Bacanora 88, the latest. The rate of progress against year of release was 67 kg ha-1 yr-1 (r= 0.99, P 0.001), or 0.88% per year. Grain yield progress was correlated with kernel number per square meter (r