Outcomes of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Among Older Adults in a Community Setting

• Published in: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS) Vol. 48; no. 9; pp. 1048 - 1054
• Main Authors: Callahan, Christopher M., Haag, Kathy M., Weinberger, Morris, Tierney, William M., Buchanan, Nancy N., Stump, Timothy E., Nisi, Rod
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-09-2000; Blackwell; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Activities of Daily Living; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy; Attitude to Health; Biological and medical sciences; Emergency and intensive care: metabolism and nutrition disorders. Enteral and parenteral nutrition; Enteral Nutrition - adverse effects; Enteral Nutrition - mortality; Enteral Nutrition - psychology; enteral tube feeding; Female; Food; Gastroscopy - adverse effects; Gastroscopy - mortality; Gastroscopy - psychology; Gastrostomy - adverse effects; Gastrostomy - mortality; Gastrostomy - psychology; Geriatric Assessment; Geriatrics; health status; Humans; Intensive care medicine; Male; Medical procedures; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; nutrition; Nutritional Status; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care); Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Stomach, duodenum, intestine, rectum, anus; Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases; Surgery of the digestive system; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome; United States; North America; America; Human; Gastrostomy; Endoscopic surgery; Stomach; Prognosis; Nutrition; Enteral administration; Quality of life; Percutaneous route; Follow up study; Surgery; Cohort study; Autonomy; Elderly; Public health; Nutritional status
• ISSN: 0002-8614; 1532-5415
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04779.x

OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has become the preferred method to provide enteral tube feeding to older adults who have difficulty eating, but the impact of PEG on patient outcomes is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to describe changes in nutrition, functional status, and health‐related quality of life among older adults receiving PEG.
DESIGN: A prospective cohort study.
SETTING: A small community of approximately 60,000 residents served by two hospital systems.
PARTICIPANTS: One hundred fifty patients aged 60 and older receiving PEG from one of the four gastroenterologists practicing in the targeted community.
MEASUREMENTS: Patients were assessed at baseline and every 2 months for 1 year to obtain clinical characteristics, process of care data, physical and cognitive function, subjective health status, nutritional status, complications, and mortality.
RESULTS: Over a 14‐month period, 150 patients received PEG tubes in the targeted community; the mean age was 78.9. The most frequent indications for the PEG were stroke (40.7%), neurodegenerative disorders (34.7%), and cancer (13.3%). All measures of functional status, cognitive status, severity of illness, comorbidity, and quality of life demonstrated profound and life‐threatening impairment; 30‐day mortality was 22% and 1‐year mortality was 50%. Among patients surviving 60 days or more, at least 70% had no significant improvement in functional, nutritional, or subjective health status. Serious complications were rare, but most patients experienced symptomatic problems that they attributed to the enteral tube feeding.
CONCLUSIONS: PEG tube feeding in severely and chronically ill older adults can be accomplished safely. However, there are important patient burdens associated with the PEG and there was limited evidence that the procedure improves functional, nutritional, or subjective health status in this cohort of older adults. The issues raised in this descriptive study provide impetus for a randomized trial of PEG tube feeding compared with alternative methods of patient care for older adults with difficulty eating.