How reliably can a material be classified as a nanomaterial? Available particle-sizing techniques at work

• Published in: Journal of nanoparticle research : an interdisciplinary forum for nanoscale science and technology Vol. 18; no. 6; p. 158
• Main Authors: Babick, Frank, Mielke, Johannes, Wohlleben, Wendel, Weigel, Stefan, Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 2016; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Characterisation techniques; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemistry and Materials Science; Inorganic Chemistry; Lasers; Materials Science; Nanomaterial classification; Nanometrology; Nanoparticle; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Number-weighted median size; Optical Devices; Optics; Particle size analysis; Photonics; Physical Chemistry; Quality control; Research Paper; Tiered approach; Nanomaterial classification; Nanoparticle; Tiered approach; Nanometrology; Characterisation techniques; Particle size analysis; Number-weighted median size
• ISSN: 1388-0764; 1572-896X
• DOI: 10.1007/s11051-016-3461-7

Currently established and projected regulatory frameworks require the classification of materials (whether nano or non-nano) as specified by respective definitions, most of which are based on the size of the constituent particles. This brings up the question if currently available techniques for particle size determination are capable of reliably classifying materials that potentially fall under these definitions. In this study, a wide variety of characterisation techniques, including counting, fractionating, and spectroscopic techniques, has been applied to the same set of materials under harmonised conditions. The selected materials comprised well-defined quality control materials (spherical, monodisperse) as well as industrial materials of complex shapes and considerable polydispersity. As a result, each technique could be evaluated with respect to the determination of the number-weighted median size. Recommendations on the most appropriate and efficient use of techniques for different types of material are given.
Graphical Abstract