Mycetomas: an epidemiological, etiological, clinical, laboratory and therapeutic review

• Published in: Anais brasileiros de dermatología Vol. 93; no. 1; pp. 8 - 18
• Main Authors: Santiago Reis, Carmelia Matos, de Mendonça Reis-Filho, Eugenio Galdino
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Spain Elsevier España, S.L.U 01-01-2018; Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia
• Subjects: Antifungal agents; Continuing Medical Education; DERMATOLOGY; Early Diagnosis; Fungi; Humans; Microbiological Techniques; Mycetoma; Mycetoma - diagnosis; Mycetoma - epidemiology; Mycetoma - etiology; Mycetoma - therapy; Mycology; Fungi; Mycetoma; Mycology; Antifungal agents
• ISSN: 0365-0596; 1806-4841; 1806-4841
• DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20187075

Mycetoma is a chronic suppurative disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, characterized by a symptomatic triad: tumor, fistulas and grains. It can be caused by fungi (eumycetoma) and bacteria (actinomycetoma), with similar clinical features. Diagnosis is based on the clinical presentation and identification of the etiological agents in the tissue, by mycological/bacteriological, histopathological and immunohistochemical tests. It is important to specify the fungal or bacterial etiology, because the treatments are different. An approach that involves early diagnosis, the use of systemic antibiotics or antifungal agents, including surgical removal of lesions, is the basis for the treatment of these diseases. In this review, the most commonly used diagnostic methods and treatments will be discussed. Also, we will review the history of the disease through epidemiological and etiological aspects.