Evolution of genes involved in feeding preference and metabolic processes in Calliphoridae (Diptera: Calyptratae)

The genotype-phenotype interactions among traits governing feeding preference are of fundamental importance to behavioral genetics and evolutionary biology. The genetic basis of behavioral traits has been explored in different taxa using different approaches. However, the complex nature of the genet...

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Published in:PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) Vol. 4; p. e2598
Main Authors: Cardoso, Gisele Antoniazzi, Marinho, Marco Antonio Tonus, Monfardini, Raquel Dietsche, Espin, Ana Maria Lima de Azeredo, Torres, Tatiana Teixeira
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Abstract The genotype-phenotype interactions among traits governing feeding preference are of fundamental importance to behavioral genetics and evolutionary biology. The genetic basis of behavioral traits has been explored in different taxa using different approaches. However, the complex nature of the genetic mechanisms undergirding behavior is poorly understood. Here, we present an evolutionary study of candidate genes related to parasitism in Calliphoridae (Diptera: Calyptratae). Closely related species in this family exhibit distinct larval feeding habits, most notably necro-saprophagy and obligate parasitism. To understand the genetic and molecular bases underlying these habits, expression levels of eight candidate genes for feeding behavior- , and -were measured in four species using qPCR. Moreover we used expression values and sequence information to reconstruct the relationship among species and the rate to infer possible sites under selection. For most candidate genes, no statistically significant differences were observed, indicating a high degree of conservation in expression. However, was differentially expressed between habits. Evolutionary analyses based on transcript levels and nucleotide sequences of coding region suggest that transcript levels were correlated to feeding habit preferences among species, although deviations under a strictly neutral model were also observed in statistical tests. was the only gene demonstrating a possible connection to feeding habit. Differences in gene expression may be involved in (or be a result of) the genetic regulation of Calliphoridae feeding habit. Our results are the first steps towards understanding the genetic basis and evolution of feeding behavior in Calliphoridae using a functional approach.
AbstractList BACKGROUNDThe genotype-phenotype interactions among traits governing feeding preference are of fundamental importance to behavioral genetics and evolutionary biology. The genetic basis of behavioral traits has been explored in different taxa using different approaches. However, the complex nature of the genetic mechanisms undergirding behavior is poorly understood. Here, we present an evolutionary study of candidate genes related to parasitism in Calliphoridae (Diptera: Calyptratae). Closely related species in this family exhibit distinct larval feeding habits, most notably necro-saprophagy and obligate parasitism. METHODSTo understand the genetic and molecular bases underlying these habits, expression levels of eight candidate genes for feeding behavior-Cyp6g2, foraging, glutamate dehydrogenase, Jonah65aiv, Malvolio, PGRP-SC2, RPS6-p70-protein kinase, and smooth-were measured in four species using qPCR. Moreover we used expression values and sequence information to reconstruct the relationship among species and the dN/dS rate to infer possible sites under selection. RESULTSFor most candidate genes, no statistically significant differences were observed, indicating a high degree of conservation in expression. However, Malvolio was differentially expressed between habits. Evolutionary analyses based on transcript levels and nucleotide sequences of Malvolio coding region suggest that transcript levels were correlated to feeding habit preferences among species, although deviations under a strictly neutral model were also observed in statistical tests. DISCUSSIONMalvolio was the only gene demonstrating a possible connection to feeding habit. Differences in gene expression may be involved in (or be a result of) the genetic regulation of Calliphoridae feeding habit. Our results are the first steps towards understanding the genetic basis and evolution of feeding behavior in Calliphoridae using a functional approach.
The genotype-phenotype interactions among traits governing feeding preference are of fundamental importance to behavioral genetics and evolutionary biology. The genetic basis of behavioral traits has been explored in different taxa using different approaches. However, the complex nature of the genetic mechanisms undergirding behavior is poorly understood. Here, we present an evolutionary study of candidate genes related to parasitism in Calliphoridae (Diptera: Calyptratae). Closely related species in this family exhibit distinct larval feeding habits, most notably necro-saprophagy and obligate parasitism. To understand the genetic and molecular bases underlying these habits, expression levels of eight candidate genes for feeding behavior- , and -were measured in four species using qPCR. Moreover we used expression values and sequence information to reconstruct the relationship among species and the rate to infer possible sites under selection. For most candidate genes, no statistically significant differences were observed, indicating a high degree of conservation in expression. However, was differentially expressed between habits. Evolutionary analyses based on transcript levels and nucleotide sequences of coding region suggest that transcript levels were correlated to feeding habit preferences among species, although deviations under a strictly neutral model were also observed in statistical tests. was the only gene demonstrating a possible connection to feeding habit. Differences in gene expression may be involved in (or be a result of) the genetic regulation of Calliphoridae feeding habit. Our results are the first steps towards understanding the genetic basis and evolution of feeding behavior in Calliphoridae using a functional approach.
The genotype-phenotype interactions among traits governing feeding preference are of fundamental importance to behavioral genetics and evolutionary biology. The genetic basis of behavioral traits has been explored in different taxa using different approaches. However, the complex nature of the genetic mechanisms undergirding behavior is poorly understood. Here, we present an evolutionary study of candidate genes related to parasitism in Calliphoridae (Diptera: Calyptratae). Closely related species in this family exhibit distinct larval feeding habits, most notably necro-saprophagy and obligate parasitism. To understand the genetic and molecular bases underlying these habits, expression levels of eight candidate genes for feeding behavior-Cyp6g2, foraging, glutamate dehydrogenase, Jonah65aiv, Malvolio, PGRP-SC2, RPS6-p70-protein kinase, and smooth-were measured in four species using qPCR. Moreover we used expression values and sequence information to reconstruct the relationship among species and the d.sub.N /d.sub.S rate to infer possible sites under selection. For most candidate genes, no statistically significant differences were observed, indicating a high degree of conservation in expression. However, Malvolio was differentially expressed between habits. Evolutionary analyses based on transcript levels and nucleotide sequences of Malvolio coding region suggest that transcript levels were correlated to feeding habit preferences among species, although deviations under a strictly neutral model were also observed in statistical tests. Malvolio was the only gene demonstrating a possible connection to feeding habit. Differences in gene expression may be involved in (or be a result of) the genetic regulation of Calliphoridae feeding habit. Our results are the first steps towards understanding the genetic basis and evolution of feeding behavior in Calliphoridae using a functional approach.
Background The genotype-phenotype interactions among traits governing feeding preference are of fundamental importance to behavioral genetics and evolutionary biology. The genetic basis of behavioral traits has been explored in different taxa using different approaches. However, the complex nature of the genetic mechanisms undergirding behavior is poorly understood. Here, we present an evolutionary study of candidate genes related to parasitism in Calliphoridae (Diptera: Calyptratae). Closely related species in this family exhibit distinct larval feeding habits, most notably necro-saprophagy and obligate parasitism. Methods To understand the genetic and molecular bases underlying these habits, expression levels of eight candidate genes for feeding behavior-Cyp6g2, foraging, glutamate dehydrogenase, Jonah65aiv, Malvolio, PGRP-SC2, RPS6-p70-protein kinase, and smooth-were measured in four species using qPCR. Moreover we used expression values and sequence information to reconstruct the relationship among species and the d.sub.N /d.sub.S rate to infer possible sites under selection. Results For most candidate genes, no statistically significant differences were observed, indicating a high degree of conservation in expression. However, Malvolio was differentially expressed between habits. Evolutionary analyses based on transcript levels and nucleotide sequences of Malvolio coding region suggest that transcript levels were correlated to feeding habit preferences among species, although deviations under a strictly neutral model were also observed in statistical tests. Discussion Malvolio was the only gene demonstrating a possible connection to feeding habit. Differences in gene expression may be involved in (or be a result of) the genetic regulation of Calliphoridae feeding habit. Our results are the first steps towards understanding the genetic basis and evolution of feeding behavior in Calliphoridae using a functional approach.
Background The genotype-phenotype interactions among traits governing feeding preference are of fundamental importance to behavioral genetics and evolutionary biology. The genetic basis of behavioral traits has been explored in different taxa using different approaches. However, the complex nature of the genetic mechanisms undergirding behavior is poorly understood. Here, we present an evolutionary study of candidate genes related to parasitism in Calliphoridae (Diptera: Calyptratae). Closely related species in this family exhibit distinct larval feeding habits, most notably necro-saprophagy and obligate parasitism. Methods To understand the genetic and molecular bases underlying these habits, expression levels of eight candidate genes for feeding behavior—Cyp6g2, foraging, glutamate dehydrogenase, Jonah65aiv, Malvolio, PGRP-SC2, RPS6-p70-protein kinase, and smooth—were measured in four species using qPCR. Moreover we used expression values and sequence information to reconstruct the relationship among species and the dN/dS rate to infer possible sites under selection. Results For most candidate genes, no statistically significant differences were observed, indicating a high degree of conservation in expression. However, Malvolio was differentially expressed between habits. Evolutionary analyses based on transcript levels and nucleotide sequences of Malvolio coding region suggest that transcript levels were correlated to feeding habit preferences among species, although deviations under a strictly neutral model were also observed in statistical tests. Discussion Malvolio was the only gene demonstrating a possible connection to feeding habit. Differences in gene expression may be involved in (or be a result of) the genetic regulation of Calliphoridae feeding habit. Our results are the first steps towards understanding the genetic basis and evolution of feeding behavior in Calliphoridae using a functional approach.
ArticleNumber e2598
Audience Academic
Author Marinho, Marco Antonio Tonus
Monfardini, Raquel Dietsche
Espin, Ana Maria Lima de Azeredo
Cardoso, Gisele Antoniazzi
Torres, Tatiana Teixeira
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  givenname: Marco Antonio Tonus
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  givenname: Ana Maria Lima de Azeredo
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  fullname: Espin, Ana Maria Lima de Azeredo
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27812410$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1590_s1984_29612019059
crossref_primary_10_1534_g3_117_300493
crossref_primary_10_2478_jas_2021_0004
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Keywords Chrysomya
Parasitism
qPCR
Cochliomyia
Candidate genes
Language English
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SSID ssj0000826083
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Snippet The genotype-phenotype interactions among traits governing feeding preference are of fundamental importance to behavioral genetics and evolutionary biology....
Background The genotype-phenotype interactions among traits governing feeding preference are of fundamental importance to behavioral genetics and evolutionary...
BACKGROUNDThe genotype-phenotype interactions among traits governing feeding preference are of fundamental importance to behavioral genetics and evolutionary...
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StartPage e2598
SubjectTerms Analysis
Animals
Behavior
Behavioral genetics
Bioinformatics
Blowflies
Calliphoridae
Calyptratae
Candidate genes
Chrysomya
Cochliomyia
Diptera
Drosophila
Drosophila melanogaster
Entomology
Evolution
Evolutionary biology
Evolutionary genetics
Feeding behavior
Foraging behavior
Gene expression
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genetics
Genomes
Glutamate
Glutamate dehydrogenase
Habits
Hypotheses
Insects
Molecular Biology
Parasites
Parasitism
Parasitology
Phylogenetics
Protein kinase
qPCR
Saprophagy
Species
Statistical analysis
Studies
Transcription
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Title Evolution of genes involved in feeding preference and metabolic processes in Calliphoridae (Diptera: Calyptratae)
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27812410
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