The Role of Genetic Polymorphisms in Chronic Pain Patients

The Role of Genetic Polymorphisms in Chronic Pain Patients

It is estimated that the total annual financial cost for pain management in the U.S. exceeds 100 billion dollars. However, when indirect costs are included, such as functional disability and reduction in working hours, the cost can reach more than 300 billion dollars. In chronic pain patients, the r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 19; no. 6; p. 1707
Main Authors: Knezevic, Nebojsa Nick, Tverdohleb, Tatiana, Knezevic, Ivana, Candido, Kenneth D
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 08-06-2018
MDPI
Subjects:
Amitriptyline
Analgesics - therapeutic use
Chronic pain
Chronic Pain - drug therapy
Chronic Pain - genetics
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetic neuropathy
Drug metabolism
Duloxetine
Fibromyalgia
genetic polymorphisms
Headache
Humans
Low back pain
Metabolism
Migraine
Narcotics
Neuralgia
neuropathic pain
Opioids
Pain
Pain Management
pain medications
Patients
Pharmacogenetics
Pharmacology
Pharmacovigilance
Polymorphism, Genetic
Review
Working hours
chronic pain
neuropathic pain
migraine
fibromyalgia
low back pain
pain medications
genetic polymorphisms
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Summary:It is estimated that the total annual financial cost for pain management in the U.S. exceeds 100 billion dollars. However, when indirect costs are included, such as functional disability and reduction in working hours, the cost can reach more than 300 billion dollars. In chronic pain patients, the role of pharmacogenetics is determined by genetic effects on various pain types, as well as the genetic effect on drug safety and efficacy. In this review article, we discuss genetic polymorphisms present in different types of chronic pain, such as fibromyalgia, low back pain, migraine, painful peripheral diabetic neuropathy and trigeminal neuralgia. Furthermore, we discuss the role of CYP450 enzymes involved in metabolism of drugs, which have been used for treatment of chronic pain (amitriptyline, duloxetine, opioids, etc.). We also discuss how pharmacogenetics can be applied towards improving drug efficacy, shortening the time required to achieve therapeutic outcomes, reducing risks of side effects, and reducing medical costs and reliance upon polypharmacy.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms19061707