Structure and function of preQ1 riboswitches

• Published in: Biochimica et biophysica acta. Gene regulatory mechanisms Vol. 1839; no. 10; pp. 939 - 950
• Main Authors: Eichhorn, Catherine D., Kang, Mijeong, Feigon, Juli
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-10-2014; Elsevier
• Subjects: NMR; PreQ0; Queuine; Queuosine; tRNA modification; X-ray crystallography; X-ray crystallography; Queuine; NMR; tRNA modification; PreQ0; Queuosine
• ISSN: 1874-9399; 1876-4320
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.04.019

PreQ1 riboswitches help regulate the biosynthesis and transport of preQ1 (7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine), a precursor of the hypermodified guanine nucleotide queuosine (Q), in a number of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria. Queuosine is almost universally found at the wobble position of the anticodon in asparaginyl, tyrosyl, histidyl and aspartyl tRNAs, where it contributes to translational fidelity. Two classes of preQ1 riboswitches have been identified (preQ1-I and preQ1-II), and structures of examples from both classes have been determined. Both classes form H-type pseudoknots upon preQ1 binding, each of which has distinct unusual features and modes of preQ1 recognition. These features include an unusually long loop 2 in preQ1-I pseudoknots and an embedded hairpin in loop 3 in preQ1-II pseudoknots. PreQ1-I riboswitches are also notable for their unusually small aptamer domain, which has been extensively investigated by NMR, X-ray crystallography, FRET, and other biophysical methods. Here we review the discovery, structural biology, ligand specificity, cation interactions, folding, dynamics, and applications to biotechnology of preQ1 riboswitches. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Riboswitches.
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•There are two preQ1 riboswitch classes with different folds and preQ1 interactions.•Structures of both classes have been solved by NMR and X-ray crystallography.•PreQ1-I riboswitches have the smallest known aptamer and form an H-type pseudoknot.•PreQ1-II riboswitches form an HL-out pseudoknot with an embedded hairpin.•Dynamics modulate aptamer folding and preQ1 recognition.