Etiologic classification of ischemic stroke: Where do we stand?

Highlights • Currently available approaches to ischemic stroke classification are either causative or phenotypic. • The TOAST classification is the most widely used system for establishing ischemic stroke etiology. • Modified TOAST classifications with improved reliability have been developed but th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Clinical neurology and neurosurgery Vol. 159; pp. 93 - 106
Main Authors:	Radu, Răzvan Alexandru, Terecoasă, Elena Oana, Băjenaru, Ovidiu Alexandru, Tiu, Cristina
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-08-2017 Elsevier Limited
Subjects:	Brain Ischemia - classification Brain Ischemia - diagnostic imaging Brain Ischemia - etiology Causative Classification Diuretics Embolisms Etiology Humans Ischemia Ischemic stroke Medical imaging Neurology Neurosurgery Phenotype Phenotypic Stroke Stroke - classification Stroke - diagnostic imaging Stroke - etiology Stroke subtypes Studies Thrombosis Validity Ischemic stroke Etiology Stroke subtypes Phenotypic Classification Causative
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Summary:	Highlights • Currently available approaches to ischemic stroke classification are either causative or phenotypic. • The TOAST classification is the most widely used system for establishing ischemic stroke etiology. • Modified TOAST classifications with improved reliability have been developed but their wide use is still limited. • Development of an ideal etiological classification of ischemic stroke is impeded by the lack of a gold standard.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	0303-8467 1872-6968
DOI:	10.1016/j.clineuro.2017.05.019