Fatal Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 4 serovar O:3 sepsis after red blood cell transfusion

• Published in: Transfusion (Philadelphia, Pa.) Vol. 45; no. 5; pp. 814 - 818
• Main Authors: Leclercq, Alexandre, Martin, Liliane, Vergnes, Maya Laporte, Ounnoughene, Nadra, Laran, Jean-François, Giraud, Patrick, Carniel, Elisabeth
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK and Malden, USA Blackwell Science Inc 01-05-2005; Blackwell Publishing
• Subjects: Aged; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy; Biological and medical sciences; Blood. Blood and plasma substitutes. Blood products. Blood cells. Blood typing. Plasmapheresis. Apheresis; Bone marrow, stem cells transplantation. Graft versus host reaction; Emergency and intensive care: infection, septic shock; Erythrocyte Transfusion - adverse effects; Fatal Outcome; France - epidemiology; Humans; Incidence; Intensive care medicine; Male; Medical sciences; Sepsis - etiology; Transfusions. Complications. Transfusion reactions. Cell and gene therapy; Yersinia enterocolitica; Yersinia Infections - epidemiology; Yersinia Infections - transmission; France; Infection; Sepsis syndrome; Yersinia enterocolitica; Blood cell; Transfusion; Red blood cell; Bacteria; Enterobacteriaceae
• ISSN: 0041-1132; 1537-2995
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2005.04363.x

BACKGROUND: Although posttransfusion bacterial sepsis is rare, this complication is associated with a high mortality rate.
CASE REPORT: A fatal case of septic shock was observed in a 71‐year‐old patient following transfusion of contaminated red blood cells (RBCs) for refractory anemia. Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from the patient's blood sample and the transfused RBCs. Both strains were of bioserotype 4/O:3 and had the same NotI pulsotype. High titers of antibodies against Y. enterocolitica were detected in the donor's plasma sample 1 month after blood donation. The donor reported abdominal discomfort 3.5 months before blood collection but had no clinical signs of intestinal infection at the time of donation.
CONCLUSION: Y. enterocolitica has been identified with increased frequency as a causative agent of posttransfusion septic shock. This nationwide investigation of these cases led to an estimated incidence of one case per 6.5 million RBC units distributed in France. Although rare, this often fatal complication remains nonpreventable worldwide owing to the lack of practical means for screening RBCs before transfusion.