Using airborne LiDAR to determine total sapwood area for estimating stand transpiration in plantations
This study offers an unprecedented opportunity to estimate total sapwood area over an entire catchment (Aₛcₐₜ/Ag) using small‐footprint light detection and ranging technology with a minimal amount of labour in field. Forty‐two‐year‐old plantations of Japanese cypress (Hinoki; Chamaecyparis obtusa Si...
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| Published in: | Hydrological processes Vol. 29; no. 24; pp. 5071 - 5087 |
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29-11-2015
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| Abstract | This study offers an unprecedented opportunity to estimate total sapwood area over an entire catchment (Aₛcₐₜ/Ag) using small‐footprint light detection and ranging technology with a minimal amount of labour in field. Forty‐two‐year‐old plantations of Japanese cypress (Hinoki; Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.) and Japanese cedar (Sugi; Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) vegetated the 2.98 ha experimental catchment. Field observations identified diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees and produced the relationship between DBH and tree sapwood area (Aₛₜᵣₑ). The sum of Aₛₜᵣₑ generated actual values of Aₛcₐₜ/Ag. For light detection and ranging data analyses, local maximum filtering revealed height of tree apices (H) and tree number (N) with 9% omission errors. A novel process was developed to identify tree species by their apices based on height of the apices and canopy roughness. Four methods were tested. In Methods A–C, H was converted to Aₛₜᵣₑ directly or via DBH, then, the sum of Aₛₜᵣₑ created Aₛcₐₜ/Ag. H–Aₛₜᵣₑ or H–DBH relationships were varied irrespective of labour‐intensive measurements, and Aₛcₐₜ/Ag was underestimated up to 85% of actual value because of the smaller N. On the other hand, in Method D, ready‐made stand density management diagrams (SDMDs) overestimated mean DBH. However, a product of overestimated mean Aₛₜᵣₑ and the underestimated N was almost identical to the actual Aₛcₐₜ/Ag. The estimates were 84% and 95% of the true Aₛcₐₜ/Ag in Hinoki and Sugi, respectively, and the former will be more precise if the SDMD is suitable for the site as indicated through sensitivity analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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| AbstractList | This study offers an unprecedented opportunity to estimate total sapwood area over an entire catchment (Ascat/Ag) using small-footprint light detection and ranging technology with a minimal amount of labour in field. Forty-two-year-old plantations of Japanese cypress (Hinoki; Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.) and Japanese cedar (Sugi; Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) vegetated the 2.98ha experimental catchment. Field observations identified diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees and produced the relationship between DBH and tree sapwood area (Astre). The sum of Astre generated actual values of Ascat/Ag. For light detection and ranging data analyses, local maximum filtering revealed height of tree apices (H) and tree number (N) with 9% omission errors. A novel process was developed to identify tree species by their apices based on height of the apices and canopy roughness. Four methods were tested. In Methods A-C, H was converted to Astre directly or via DBH, then, the sum of Astre created Ascat/Ag. H-Astre or H-DBH relationships were varied irrespective of labour-intensive measurements, and Ascat/Ag was underestimated up to 85% of actual value because of the smaller N. On the other hand, in Method D, ready-made stand density management diagrams (SDMDs) overestimated mean DBH. However, a product of overestimated mean Astre and the underestimated N was almost identical to the actual Ascat/Ag. The estimates were 84% and 95% of the true Ascat/Ag in Hinoki and Sugi, respectively, and the former will be more precise if the SDMD is suitable for the site as indicated through sensitivity analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This study offers an unprecedented opportunity to estimate total sapwood area over an entire catchment (A sub(scat)/A sub(g)) using small-footprint light detection and ranging technology with a minimal amount of labour in field. Forty-two-year-old plantations of Japanese cypress (Hinoki; Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.) and Japanese cedar (Sugi; Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) vegetated the 2.98ha experimental catchment. Field observations identified diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees and produced the relationship between DBH and tree sapwood area (A sub(stre)). The sum of A sub(stre) generated actual values of A sub(scat)/A sub(g). For light detection and ranging data analyses, local maximum filtering revealed height of tree apices (H) and tree number (N) with 9% omission errors. A novel process was developed to identify tree species by their apices based on height of the apices and canopy roughness. Four methods were tested. In Methods A-C, H was converted to A sub(stre) directly or via DBH, then, the sum of A sub(stre) created A sub(scat)/A sub(g). H-A sub(stre) or H-DBH relationships were varied irrespective of labour-intensive measurements, and A sub(scat)/A sub(g) was underestimated up to 85% of actual value because of the smaller N. On the other hand, in Method D, ready-made stand density management diagrams (SDMDs) overestimated mean DBH. However, a product of overestimated mean A sub(stre) and the underestimated N was almost identical to the actual A sub(scat)/A sub(g). The estimates were 84% and 95% of the true A sub(scat)/A sub(g) in Hinoki and Sugi, respectively, and the former will be more precise if the SDMD is suitable for the site as indicated through sensitivity analysis. This study offers an unprecedented opportunity to estimate total sapwood area over an entire catchment (Ascat/Ag) using small‐footprint light detection and ranging technology with a minimal amount of labour in field. Forty‐two‐year‐old plantations of Japanese cypress (Hinoki; Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.) and Japanese cedar (Sugi; Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) vegetated the 2.98 ha experimental catchment. Field observations identified diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees and produced the relationship between DBH and tree sapwood area (Astre). The sum of Astre generated actual values of Ascat/Ag. For light detection and ranging data analyses, local maximum filtering revealed height of tree apices (H) and tree number (N) with 9% omission errors. A novel process was developed to identify tree species by their apices based on height of the apices and canopy roughness. Four methods were tested. In Methods A–C, H was converted to Astre directly or via DBH, then, the sum of Astre created Ascat/Ag. H–Astre or H–DBH relationships were varied irrespective of labour‐intensive measurements, and Ascat/Ag was underestimated up to 85% of actual value because of the smaller N. On the other hand, in Method D, ready‐made stand density management diagrams (SDMDs) overestimated mean DBH. However, a product of overestimated mean Astre and the underestimated N was almost identical to the actual Ascat/Ag. The estimates were 84% and 95% of the true Ascat/Ag in Hinoki and Sugi, respectively, and the former will be more precise if the SDMD is suitable for the site as indicated through sensitivity analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This study offers an unprecedented opportunity to estimate total sapwood area over an entire catchment ( A scat / A g ) using small‐footprint light detection and ranging technology with a minimal amount of labour in field. Forty‐two‐year‐old plantations of Japanese cypress (Hinoki; Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.) and Japanese cedar (Sugi; Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) vegetated the 2.98 ha experimental catchment. Field observations identified diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees and produced the relationship between DBH and tree sapwood area ( A stre ). The sum of A stre generated actual values of A scat / A g . For light detection and ranging data analyses, local maximum filtering revealed height of tree apices ( H ) and tree number ( N ) with 9% omission errors. A novel process was developed to identify tree species by their apices based on height of the apices and canopy roughness. Four methods were tested. In Methods A–C, H was converted to A stre directly or via DBH, then, the sum of A stre created A scat / A g . H–A stre or H –DBH relationships were varied irrespective of labour‐intensive measurements, and A scat / A g was underestimated up to 85% of actual value because of the smaller N . On the other hand, in Method D, ready‐made stand density management diagrams (SDMDs) overestimated mean DBH. However, a product of overestimated mean A stre and the underestimated N was almost identical to the actual A scat / A g . The estimates were 84% and 95% of the true A scat / A g in Hinoki and Sugi, respectively, and the former will be more precise if the SDMD is suitable for the site as indicated through sensitivity analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This study offers an unprecedented opportunity to estimate total sapwood area over an entire catchment (Aₛcₐₜ/Ag) using small‐footprint light detection and ranging technology with a minimal amount of labour in field. Forty‐two‐year‐old plantations of Japanese cypress (Hinoki; Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.) and Japanese cedar (Sugi; Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) vegetated the 2.98 ha experimental catchment. Field observations identified diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees and produced the relationship between DBH and tree sapwood area (Aₛₜᵣₑ). The sum of Aₛₜᵣₑ generated actual values of Aₛcₐₜ/Ag. For light detection and ranging data analyses, local maximum filtering revealed height of tree apices (H) and tree number (N) with 9% omission errors. A novel process was developed to identify tree species by their apices based on height of the apices and canopy roughness. Four methods were tested. In Methods A–C, H was converted to Aₛₜᵣₑ directly or via DBH, then, the sum of Aₛₜᵣₑ created Aₛcₐₜ/Ag. H–Aₛₜᵣₑ or H–DBH relationships were varied irrespective of labour‐intensive measurements, and Aₛcₐₜ/Ag was underestimated up to 85% of actual value because of the smaller N. On the other hand, in Method D, ready‐made stand density management diagrams (SDMDs) overestimated mean DBH. However, a product of overestimated mean Aₛₜᵣₑ and the underestimated N was almost identical to the actual Aₛcₐₜ/Ag. The estimates were 84% and 95% of the true Aₛcₐₜ/Ag in Hinoki and Sugi, respectively, and the former will be more precise if the SDMD is suitable for the site as indicated through sensitivity analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
| Author | Matsuda, Hiroki Yunohara, Shuji Tateishi, Makiko Otsuki, Kyoichi Kumagai, Tomo'omi Yamamoto, Kazukiyo Xiang, Yang Saito, Takami Komatsu, Misako Komatsu, Hikaru |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Takami surname: Saito fullname: Saito, Takami email: Correspondence to: Takami Saito, Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center (HyARC), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan., takamihappy@gmail.com organization: Kasuya Research Forest, Kyushu University, 811-2415, Fukuoka, Japan – sequence: 2 givenname: Kazukiyo surname: Yamamoto fullname: Yamamoto, Kazukiyo organization: Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 464-8601, Nagoya, Japan – sequence: 3 givenname: Misako surname: Komatsu fullname: Komatsu, Misako organization: Kasuya Research Forest, Kyushu University, 811-2415, Fukuoka, Japan – sequence: 4 givenname: Hiroki surname: Matsuda fullname: Matsuda, Hiroki organization: Kasuya Research Forest, Kyushu University, 811-2415, Fukuoka, Japan – sequence: 5 givenname: Shuji surname: Yunohara fullname: Yunohara, Shuji organization: Kasuya Research Forest, Kyushu University, 811-2415, Fukuoka, Japan – sequence: 6 givenname: Hikaru surname: Komatsu fullname: Komatsu, Hikaru organization: The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, 606-8302, Kyoto, Japan – sequence: 7 givenname: Makiko surname: Tateishi fullname: Tateishi, Makiko organization: Kasuya Research Forest, Kyushu University, 811-2415, Fukuoka, Japan – sequence: 8 givenname: Yang surname: Xiang fullname: Xiang, Yang organization: Kasuya Research Forest, Kyushu University, 811-2415, Fukuoka, Japan – sequence: 9 givenname: Kyoichi surname: Otsuki fullname: Otsuki, Kyoichi organization: Kasuya Research Forest, Kyushu University, 811-2415, Fukuoka, Japan – sequence: 10 givenname: Tomo'omi surname: Kumagai fullname: Kumagai, Tomo'omi organization: Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center (HyARC), Nagoya University, 464-8601, Nagoya, Japan |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s11676_018_0784_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envexpbot_2023_105284 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhydrol_2018_10_075 crossref_primary_10_1080_07038992_2017_1291338 crossref_primary_10_3390_land9090319 crossref_primary_10_1002_2017GL072760 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_agrformet_2021_108356 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foreco_2017_07_036 crossref_primary_10_1002_hyp_11162 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1051/forest:19980107 10.1093/treephys/27.2.161 10.1016/S0168-1699(02)00121-7 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.09.053 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.066 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00086-8 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.10.006 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.10.047 10.3732/ajb.1200160 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.017 10.1890/070001 10.5589/m03-023 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00514-4 10.1016/0022-1694(83)90181-6 10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0019:LRSFES]2.0.CO;2 10.1002/hyp.10124 10.1016/j.advwatres.2003.08.001 10.1109/36.921414 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00289.x 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.04.010 10.1093/treephys/24.11.1203 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00199-4 10.1007/s00468-009-0356-6 10.1007/s10310-004-0125-8 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.11.007 10.1093/treephys/tpp074 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.04.010 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00518-1 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.05.025 10.1890/060119.1 |
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| SubjectTerms | Catchments Chamaecyparis obtusa Cryptomeria japonica Cupressus Estimates Japanese cedar Japanese cypress Lidar Light detection and ranging local maximum filtering Plantations remote sensing sapflow measurement Silver stand density management diagram Stands Trees |
| Title | Using airborne LiDAR to determine total sapwood area for estimating stand transpiration in plantations |
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