The impact of nanoparticle protein corona on cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity and target drug delivery

• Published in: Nanomedicine (London, England) Vol. 11; no. 1; pp. 81 - 100
• Main Authors: Corbo, Claudia, Molinaro, Roberto, Parodi, Alessandro, Toledano Furman, Naama E, Salvatore, Francesco, Tasciotti, Ennio
• Format: Journal Article Book Review
• Language: English
• Published: England Future Medicine Ltd 01-01-2016
• Subjects: Animals; Blood; Complement Activation; Cytotoxicity; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; immune response; Immune system; Membranes; nano-bio interface; nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - administration & dosage; Nanoparticles - toxicity; Physiology; protein corona; Proteins; Review; targeting; toxicity; United States > US; toxicity; targeting; nanoparticles; immune response; protein corona; nanomedicine; nano–bio interface
• ISSN: 1743-5889; 1748-6963
• DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.188

In a perfect sequence of events, nanoparticles (NPs) are injected into the bloodstream where they circulate until they reach the target tissue. The ligand on the NP surface recognizes its specific receptor expressed on the target tissue and the drug is released in a controlled manner. However, once injected in a physiological environment, NPs interact with biological components and are surrounded by a protein corona (PC). This can trigger an immune response and affect NP toxicity and targeting capabilities. In this review, we provide a survey of recent findings on the NP-PC interactions and discuss how the PC can be used to modulate both cytotoxicity and the immune response as well as to improve the efficacy of targeted delivery of nanocarriers.