Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Oregano Essential Oil and Its Fractions Obtained by Vacuum Distillation

Oregano ( essential oil (Ooil) is a product of high commercial value and many applications, including chemotherapy. Aiming to achieve the best use of this resource, the present study focuses on the characterization of separated fractions of Ooil by fractional vacuum distillation at low pressure. Fou...

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Published in:	Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 24; no. 10; p. 1904
Main Authors:	Rostro-Alanis, Magdalena de J, Báez-González, Juan, Torres-Alvarez, Cynthia, Parra-Saldívar, Roberto, Rodriguez-Rodriguez, José, Castillo, Sandra
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 17-05-2019 MDPI
Subjects:	Antiinfectives and antibacterials antimicrobial activity Antimicrobial agents antioxidant activity Antioxidants Biological activity Chemical composition Chemical compounds Chemotherapy Distillation essential oil Essential oils Gas chromatography Hydrocarbons Low pressure Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Methods Monoterpenes Oils & fats Oregano Poliomintha longiflora Scavenging Staphylococcal enterotoxin H Vacuum Vacuum distillation vacuum fractional distillation Volatility Poliomintha longiflora vacuum fractional distillation antimicrobial activity essential oil antioxidant activity oregano
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Abstract	Oregano ( essential oil (Ooil) is a product of high commercial value and many applications, including chemotherapy. Aiming to achieve the best use of this resource, the present study focuses on the characterization of separated fractions of Ooil by fractional vacuum distillation at low pressure. Four fractions (F1-F4) and undistilled oil (Unoil) were separated from Ooil and analyzed for their chemical composition and biological activities, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry shows differences in the composition among the fractions and Ooil. The amount of monoterpenes oxygenated (MO), sesquiterpenes hydrocarbon (SeH) and monoterpenes hydrocarbon (MH) varied between the fractions in ranges of 1.51-68.08, 3.31-25.12 and 1.91-97.75%, respectively. The major concentrations of MO and SeH were observed in F4 and Unoil. On the other hand, the highest concentrations of MH were found in F1 and F2, while the lowest were in F4 and Unoil. These results were correlated with the biological activity. Free-radical scavenging activity varied among fractions, with F4 and Unoil showing the highest activity. The antimicrobial test showed that F4 and Unoil had the highest activity in almost all cases. The correlation between the variables studied in the different fractions allows the definition of the particular properties for each one of them.
AbstractList	Oregano (Poliomintha longiflora) essential oil (Ooil) is a product of high commercial value and many applications, including chemotherapy. Aiming to achieve the best use of this resource, the present study focuses on the characterization of separated fractions of Ooil by fractional vacuum distillation at low pressure. Four fractions (F1−F4) and undistilled oil (Unoil) were separated from Ooil and analyzed for their chemical composition and biological activities, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Gas chromatography−mass spectrometry shows differences in the composition among the fractions and Ooil. The amount of monoterpenes oxygenated (MO), sesquiterpenes hydrocarbon (SeH) and monoterpenes hydrocarbon (MH) varied between the fractions in ranges of 1.51−68.08, 3.31−25.12 and 1.91−97.75%, respectively. The major concentrations of MO and SeH were observed in F4 and Unoil. On the other hand, the highest concentrations of MH were found in F1 and F2, while the lowest were in F4 and Unoil. These results were correlated with the biological activity. Free-radical scavenging activity varied among fractions, with F4 and Unoil showing the highest activity. The antimicrobial test showed that F4 and Unoil had the highest activity in almost all cases. The correlation between the variables studied in the different fractions allows the definition of the particular properties for each one of them. Oregano (Poliomintha longiflora) essential oil (Ooil) is a product of high commercial value and many applications, including chemotherapy. Aiming to achieve the best use of this resource, the present study focuses on the characterization of separated fractions of Ooil by fractional vacuum distillation at low pressure. Four fractions (F1–F4) and undistilled oil (Unoil) were separated from Ooil and analyzed for their chemical composition and biological activities, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry shows differences in the composition among the fractions and Ooil. The amount of monoterpenes oxygenated (MO), sesquiterpenes hydrocarbon (SeH) and monoterpenes hydrocarbon (MH) varied between the fractions in ranges of 1.51–68.08, 3.31–25.12 and 1.91–97.75%, respectively. The major concentrations of MO and SeH were observed in F4 and Unoil. On the other hand, the highest concentrations of MH were found in F1 and F2, while the lowest were in F4 and Unoil. These results were correlated with the biological activity. Free-radical scavenging activity varied among fractions, with F4 and Unoil showing the highest activity. The antimicrobial test showed that F4 and Unoil had the highest activity in almost all cases. The correlation between the variables studied in the different fractions allows the definition of the particular properties for each one of them. Oregano ( Poliomintha longiflora) essential oil (Ooil) is a product of high commercial value and many applications, including chemotherapy. Aiming to achieve the best use of this resource, the present study focuses on the characterization of separated fractions of Ooil by fractional vacuum distillation at low pressure. Four fractions (F1–F4) and undistilled oil (Unoil) were separated from Ooil and analyzed for their chemical composition and biological activities, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry shows differences in the composition among the fractions and Ooil. The amount of monoterpenes oxygenated (MO), sesquiterpenes hydrocarbon (SeH) and monoterpenes hydrocarbon (MH) varied between the fractions in ranges of 1.51–68.08, 3.31–25.12 and 1.91–97.75%, respectively. The major concentrations of MO and SeH were observed in F4 and Unoil. On the other hand, the highest concentrations of MH were found in F1 and F2, while the lowest were in F4 and Unoil. These results were correlated with the biological activity. Free-radical scavenging activity varied among fractions, with F4 and Unoil showing the highest activity. The antimicrobial test showed that F4 and Unoil had the highest activity in almost all cases. The correlation between the variables studied in the different fractions allows the definition of the particular properties for each one of them. Oregano ( essential oil (Ooil) is a product of high commercial value and many applications, including chemotherapy. Aiming to achieve the best use of this resource, the present study focuses on the characterization of separated fractions of Ooil by fractional vacuum distillation at low pressure. Four fractions (F1-F4) and undistilled oil (Unoil) were separated from Ooil and analyzed for their chemical composition and biological activities, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry shows differences in the composition among the fractions and Ooil. The amount of monoterpenes oxygenated (MO), sesquiterpenes hydrocarbon (SeH) and monoterpenes hydrocarbon (MH) varied between the fractions in ranges of 1.51-68.08, 3.31-25.12 and 1.91-97.75%, respectively. The major concentrations of MO and SeH were observed in F4 and Unoil. On the other hand, the highest concentrations of MH were found in F1 and F2, while the lowest were in F4 and Unoil. These results were correlated with the biological activity. Free-radical scavenging activity varied among fractions, with F4 and Unoil showing the highest activity. The antimicrobial test showed that F4 and Unoil had the highest activity in almost all cases. The correlation between the variables studied in the different fractions allows the definition of the particular properties for each one of them.
Author	Báez-González, Juan Rostro-Alanis, Magdalena de J Torres-Alvarez, Cynthia Castillo, Sandra Rodriguez-Rodriguez, José Parra-Saldívar, Roberto
AuthorAffiliation	2 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, UANL, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66455, México; juan.baezgn@uanl.edu.mx (J.B.-G.); cta_83@hotmail.com (C.T.-A.) 1 Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L. México; magda.rostro@tec.mx (M.d.J.R.-A.); r.parra@tec.mx (R.P.-S.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L. México; magda.rostro@tec.mx (M.d.J.R.-A.); r.parra@tec.mx (R.P.-S.) – name: 2 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, UANL, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66455, México; juan.baezgn@uanl.edu.mx (J.B.-G.); cta_83@hotmail.com (C.T.-A.)
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Magdalena de J surname: Rostro-Alanis fullname: Rostro-Alanis, Magdalena de J email: magda.rostro@tec.mx organization: Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L. México. magda.rostro@tec.mx – sequence: 2 givenname: Juan orcidid: 0000-0003-0509-4678 surname: Báez-González fullname: Báez-González, Juan email: juan.baezgn@uanl.edu.mx organization: Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, UANL, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66455, México. juan.baezgn@uanl.edu.mx – sequence: 3 givenname: Cynthia orcidid: 0000-0001-6664-2063 surname: Torres-Alvarez fullname: Torres-Alvarez, Cynthia email: cta_83@hotmail.com organization: Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, UANL, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66455, México. cta_83@hotmail.com – sequence: 4 givenname: Roberto orcidid: 0000-0002-4958-5797 surname: Parra-Saldívar fullname: Parra-Saldívar, Roberto email: r.parra@tec.mx organization: Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L. México. r.parra@tec.mx – sequence: 5 givenname: José surname: Rodriguez-Rodriguez fullname: Rodriguez-Rodriguez, José email: jrr@tec.mx organization: Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L. México. jrr@tec.mx – sequence: 6 givenname: Sandra orcidid: 0000-0001-8354-3200 surname: Castillo fullname: Castillo, Sandra email: sandra.castilloh@uanl.mx organization: Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, UANL, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León 66455, México. sandra.castilloh@uanl.mx
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Copyright	2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2019 by the authors. 2019
Copyright_xml	– notice: 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: 2019 by the authors. 2019
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Keywords	Poliomintha longiflora vacuum fractional distillation antimicrobial activity essential oil antioxidant activity oregano
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Snippet	Oregano ( essential oil (Ooil) is a product of high commercial value and many applications, including chemotherapy. Aiming to achieve the best use of this... Oregano (Poliomintha longiflora) essential oil (Ooil) is a product of high commercial value and many applications, including chemotherapy. Aiming to achieve... Oregano ( Poliomintha longiflora) essential oil (Ooil) is a product of high commercial value and many applications, including chemotherapy. Aiming to achieve...
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StartPage	1904
SubjectTerms	Antiinfectives and antibacterials antimicrobial activity Antimicrobial agents antioxidant activity Antioxidants Biological activity Chemical composition Chemical compounds Chemotherapy Distillation essential oil Essential oils Gas chromatography Hydrocarbons Low pressure Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Methods Monoterpenes Oils & fats Oregano Poliomintha longiflora Scavenging Staphylococcal enterotoxin H Vacuum Vacuum distillation vacuum fractional distillation Volatility
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Title	Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Oregano Essential Oil and Its Fractions Obtained by Vacuum Distillation
URI	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31108897 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2548955848 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2232059379 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6571842 https://doaj.org/article/c3cb5626e0b040eeb9b0d062cddb66af
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