Recent Advances in the Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of mRNA Vaccines

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have recently emerged as one of the most advanced technologies for the highly efficient in vivo delivery of exogenous mRNA, particularly for COVID-19 vaccine delivery. LNPs comprise four different lipids: ionizable lipids, helper or neutral lipids, cholesterol, and lipids...

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Published in:	Vaccines (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 3; p. 658
Main Authors:	Swetha, K, Kotla, Niranjan G, Tunki, Lakshmi, Jayaraj, Arya, Bhargava, Suresh K, Hu, Haitao, Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy, Kurapati, Rajendra
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 01-03-2023 MDPI
Subjects:	Acids Biocompatibility Cholesterol Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 vaccines Drug delivery systems Drugs Efficiency Evaluation Forecasts and trends Genomes Health aspects Immunization lipid nanoparticles Lipids mRNA mRNA vaccines Nanoparticles Polyethylene glycol Proteins Review Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Structure vaccine Vaccines Vehicles India COVID-19 lipid nanoparticles vaccine mRNA
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Abstract	Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have recently emerged as one of the most advanced technologies for the highly efficient in vivo delivery of exogenous mRNA, particularly for COVID-19 vaccine delivery. LNPs comprise four different lipids: ionizable lipids, helper or neutral lipids, cholesterol, and lipids attached to polyethylene glycol (PEG). In this review, we present recent the advances and insights for the design of LNPs, as well as their composition and properties, with a subsequent discussion on the development of COVID-19 vaccines. In particular, as ionizable lipids are the most critical drivers for complexing the mRNA and in vivo delivery, the role of ionizable lipids in mRNA vaccines is discussed in detail. Furthermore, the use of LNPs as effective delivery vehicles for vaccination, genome editing, and protein replacement therapy is explained. Finally, expert opinion on LNPs for mRNA vaccines is discussed, which may address future challenges in developing mRNA vaccines using highly efficient LNPs based on a novel set of ionizable lipids. Developing highly efficient mRNA delivery systems for vaccines with improved safety against some severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants remains difficult.
AbstractList	Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have recently emerged as one of the most advanced technologies for the highly efficient in vivo delivery of exogenous mRNA, particularly for COVID-19 vaccine delivery. LNPs comprise four different lipids: ionizable lipids, helper or neutral lipids, cholesterol, and lipids attached to polyethylene glycol (PEG). In this review, we present recent the advances and insights for the design of LNPs, as well as their composition and properties, with a subsequent discussion on the development of COVID-19 vaccines. In particular, as ionizable lipids are the most critical drivers for complexing the mRNA and in vivo delivery, the role of ionizable lipids in mRNA vaccines is discussed in detail. Furthermore, the use of LNPs as effective delivery vehicles for vaccination, genome editing, and protein replacement therapy is explained. Finally, expert opinion on LNPs for mRNA vaccines is discussed, which may address future challenges in developing mRNA vaccines using highly efficient LNPs based on a novel set of ionizable lipids. Developing highly efficient mRNA delivery systems for vaccines with improved safety against some severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants remains difficult. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have recently emerged as one of the most advanced technologies for the highly efficient in vivo delivery of exogenous mRNA, particularly for COVID-19 vaccine delivery. LNPs comprise four different lipids: ionizable lipids, helper or neutral lipids, cholesterol, and lipids attached to polyethylene glycol (PEG). In this review, we present recent the advances and insights for the design of LNPs, as well as their composition and properties, with a subsequent discussion on the development of COVID-19 vaccines. In particular, as ionizable lipids are the most critical drivers for complexing the mRNA and in vivo delivery, the role of ionizable lipids in mRNA vaccines is discussed in detail. Furthermore, the use of LNPs as effective delivery vehicles for vaccination, genome editing, and protein replacement therapy is explained. Finally, expert opinion on LNPs for mRNA vaccines is discussed, which may address future challenges in developing mRNA vaccines using highly efficient LNPs based on a novel set of ionizable lipids. Developing highly efficient mRNA delivery systems for vaccines with improved safety against some severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants remains difficult.Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have recently emerged as one of the most advanced technologies for the highly efficient in vivo delivery of exogenous mRNA, particularly for COVID-19 vaccine delivery. LNPs comprise four different lipids: ionizable lipids, helper or neutral lipids, cholesterol, and lipids attached to polyethylene glycol (PEG). In this review, we present recent the advances and insights for the design of LNPs, as well as their composition and properties, with a subsequent discussion on the development of COVID-19 vaccines. In particular, as ionizable lipids are the most critical drivers for complexing the mRNA and in vivo delivery, the role of ionizable lipids in mRNA vaccines is discussed in detail. Furthermore, the use of LNPs as effective delivery vehicles for vaccination, genome editing, and protein replacement therapy is explained. Finally, expert opinion on LNPs for mRNA vaccines is discussed, which may address future challenges in developing mRNA vaccines using highly efficient LNPs based on a novel set of ionizable lipids. Developing highly efficient mRNA delivery systems for vaccines with improved safety against some severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants remains difficult.
Audience	Academic
Author	Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy Swetha, K Kotla, Niranjan G Kurapati, Rajendra Jayaraj, Arya Bhargava, Suresh K Tunki, Lakshmi Hu, Haitao
AuthorAffiliation	4 Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia 5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA 6 Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA 3 Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India 2 Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India 1 School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 4 Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia – name: 1 School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India – name: 3 Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India – name: 6 Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA – name: 2 Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India – name: 5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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SubjectTerms	Acids Biocompatibility Cholesterol Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 vaccines Drug delivery systems Drugs Efficiency Evaluation Forecasts and trends Genomes Health aspects Immunization lipid nanoparticles Lipids mRNA mRNA vaccines Nanoparticles Polyethylene glycol Proteins Review Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Structure vaccine Vaccines Vehicles
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Title	Recent Advances in the Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of mRNA Vaccines
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