Electron spin resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centers in optically trapped nanodiamonds

Using an optical tweezers apparatus, we demonstrate three-dimensional control of nanodiamonds in solution with simultaneous readout of ground-state electron-spin resonance (ESR) transitions in an ensemble of diamond nitrogen-vacancy color centers. Despite the motion and random orientation of nitroge...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 109; no. 34; pp. 13493 - 13497
Main Authors:	Horowitz, Viva R, Alemán, Benjamín J, Christle, David J, Cleland, Andrew N, Awschalom, David D
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States National Academy of Sciences 21-08-2012 National Acad Sciences
Subjects:	Antennas Biocompatible Materials - chemistry Biophysics Biophysics - methods Biosensing Techniques color Diamonds Electron paramagnetic resonance electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Equipment Design Escherichia coli - metabolism Fluid dynamics Laser beams Lasers Magnetic fields Magnetic measurement Magnetic spectroscopy Magnetics Markov Chains Microwaves Motion nanodiamonds Nanodiamonds - chemistry Nanomaterials Nanotechnology Nanotechnology - methods optical traps Optical Tweezers Optics and Photonics Physical Sciences Probability Spectrum analysis Temperature Tweezers
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Summary:	Using an optical tweezers apparatus, we demonstrate three-dimensional control of nanodiamonds in solution with simultaneous readout of ground-state electron-spin resonance (ESR) transitions in an ensemble of diamond nitrogen-vacancy color centers. Despite the motion and random orientation of nitrogen-vacancy centers suspended in the optical trap, we observe distinct peaks in the measured ESR spectra qualitatively similar to the same measurement in bulk. Accounting for the random dynamics, we model the ESR spectra observed in an externally applied magnetic field to enable dc magnetometry in solution. We estimate the dc magnetic field sensitivity based on variations in ESR line shapes to be approximately [Formula]. This technique may provide a pathway for spin-based magnetic, electric, and thermal sensing in fluidic environments and biophysical systems inaccessible to existing scanning probe techniques.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1211311109 Author contributions: V.R.H., B.J.A., D.J.C., and D.D.A. designed research; V.R.H. and B.J.A. performed research; V.R.H., B.J.A., and D.J.C. analyzed data; V.R.H. built the optical apparatus; V.R.H. and B.J.A. constructed the ESR measurement platform; and V.R.H., B.J.A., D.J.C., A.N.C., and D.D.A. wrote the paper. Contributed by David D. Awschalom, July 3, 2012 (sent for review June 6, 2012)
ISSN:	0027-8424 1091-6490
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.1211311109