Charge gradient microscopy

Charge gradient microscopy

Here we present a simple and fast method to reliably image polarization charges using charge gradient microscopy (CGM). We collected the current from the grounded CGM probe while scanning a periodically poled lithium niobate single crystal and single-crystal LiTaO ₃ thin film on the Cr electrode. We...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 111; no. 18; pp. 6566 - 6569
Main Authors: Hong, Seungbum, Tong, Sheng, Park, Woon Ik, Hiranaga, Yoshiomi, Cho, Yasuo, Roelofs, Andreas
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States National Academy of Sciences 06-05-2014
National Acad Sciences
Subjects:
Domain walls
Electric current
Electrodes
Energy
Ferroelectric materials
Ferroelectrics
Imaging
Lithium
Materials science
Microscopy
Niobates
Physical Sciences
Single crystals
Thin films
charge scraping
atomic force microscopy
screen charge
piezoresponse
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Summary:Here we present a simple and fast method to reliably image polarization charges using charge gradient microscopy (CGM). We collected the current from the grounded CGM probe while scanning a periodically poled lithium niobate single crystal and single-crystal LiTaO ₃ thin film on the Cr electrode. We observed current signals at the domains and domain walls originating from the displacement current and the relocation or removal of surface charges, which enabled us to visualize the ferroelectric domains at a scan frequency above 78 Hz over 10 μm. We envision that CGM can be used in high-speed ferroelectric domain imaging and piezoelectric energy-harvesting devices.
Bibliography:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1324178111
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Author contributions: S.H. and A.R. designed research; S.H., S.T., W.I.P., Y.H., Y.C., and A.R. performed research; S.H., S.T., W.I.P., Y.H., Y.C., and A.R. analyzed data; and S.H., S.T., W.I.P., Y.C., and A.R. wrote the paper.
Edited* by George William Crabtree, Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, IL, and approved March 28, 2014 (received for review December 30, 2013)
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1324178111