Carbon Isotope Fractionation during Aerobic Biodegradation of Trichloroethene by Burkholderia cepacia G4: a Tool To Map Degradation Mechanisms

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Published in:	Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 68; no. 4; pp. 1728 - 1734
Main Authors:	BARTH, Johannes A. C, SLATER, Greg, SCHÜTH, Christoph, BILL, Markus, DOWNEY, Angela, LARKIN, Mike, KALIN, Robert M
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Washington, DC American Society for Microbiology 01-04-2002
Subjects:	Aerobiosis Bacteria Biodegradation, Environmental Biological and medical sciences Biology of microorganisms of confirmed or potential industrial interest Biotechnology Burkholderia cepacia Burkholderia cepacia - growth & development Burkholderia cepacia - metabolism Carbon Carbon Isotopes - analysis Decomposition Environmental Microbiology and Biodegradation Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Isotopes Microbiology Mission oriented research Physiology and metabolism Pollutants Trichloroethylene - chemistry Trichloroethylene - metabolism Biodegradation Pollutant Bacteria Aerobiosis Burkholderia cepacia Ethylene(trichloro)
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Abstract	Classifications Services AEM Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue Spotlights in the Current Issue AEM About AEM Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy AEM RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0099-2240 Online ISSN: 1098-5336 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology. For an alternate route to AEM .asm.org, visit: AEM
AbstractList	Classifications Services AEM Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue Spotlights in the Current Issue AEM About AEM Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy AEM RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0099-2240 Online ISSN: 1098-5336 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology. For an alternate route to AEM .asm.org, visit: AEM Different Burkholderia cepacia G4 optical densities were used to aerobically mineralize trichloroethylene, and the relationship between cell density and removal rate was examined in terms of carbon isotope fractionations. In each experiment, most of the trichloroethylene biodegradation occurred during the first 20 h, and the degradation rates correlated positively with the optical densities in a linear fashion. Even under extreme conditions that excluded biodegradation, greater initial mass losses were observed during the first few hours. Average carbon isotope differences from the different experiments showed more pronounced enrichment in the remaining trichloroethylene at higher cell densities. The aerobic enrichment factors were significantly more negative than those determined for anaerobic trichloroethylene removal. Enzymatic degradation was suggested to be the primary cause of the observed isotope effects. The strain Burkholderia cepacia G4 aerobically mineralized trichloroethene (TCE) to CO sub(2) over a time period of approximately 20 h. Three biodegradation experiments were conducted with different bacterial optical densities at 540 nm (OD sub(540)s) in order to test whether isotope fractionation was consistent. The resulting TCE degradation was 93, 83.8, and 57.2% (i.e., 7.0, 16.2, and 42.8% TCE remaining) at OD sub(540)s of 2.0, 1.1, and 0.6, respectively. ODs also correlated linearly with zero-order degradation rates (1.99, 1.11, and 0.64 mu mol h super(-1)). While initial nonequilibrium mass losses of TCE produced only minor carbon isotope shifts (expressed in per mille delta C sub(VPDB)), they were 57.2, 39.6, and 17.0 per thousand between the initial and final TCE levels for the three experiments, in decreasing order of their OD sub(540)s. Despite these strong isotope shifts, we found a largely uniform isotope fractionation. The latter is expressed with a Rayleigh enrichment factor, [varepsilon], and was -18.2 when all experiments were grouped to a common point of 42.8% TCE remaining. Although, decreases of [varepsilon] to -20.7 were observed near complete degradation, our enrichment factors were significantly more negative than those reported for anaerobic dehalogenation of TCE. This indicates typical isotope fractionation for specific enzymatic mechanisms that can help to differentiate between degradation pathways. The strain Burkholderia cepacia G4 aerobically mineralized trichloroethene (TCE) to CO 2 over a time period of ∼20 h. Three biodegradation experiments were conducted with different bacterial optical densities at 540 nm (OD 540 s) in order to test whether isotope fractionation was consistent. The resulting TCE degradation was 93, 83.8, and 57.2% (i.e., 7.0, 16.2, and 42.8% TCE remaining) at OD 540 s of 2.0, 1.1, and 0.6, respectively. ODs also correlated linearly with zero-order degradation rates (1.99, 1.11, and 0.64 μmol h −1 ). While initial nonequilibrium mass losses of TCE produced only minor carbon isotope shifts (expressed in per mille δ 13 C VPDB ), they were 57.2, 39.6, and 17.0‰ between the initial and final TCE levels for the three experiments, in decreasing order of their OD 540 s. Despite these strong isotope shifts, we found a largely uniform isotope fractionation. The latter is expressed with a Rayleigh enrichment factor, ε, and was −18.2 when all experiments were grouped to a common point of 42.8% TCE remaining. Although, decreases of ε to −20.7 were observed near complete degradation, our enrichment factors were significantly more negative than those reported for anaerobic dehalogenation of TCE. This indicates typical isotope fractionation for specific enzymatic mechanisms that can help to differentiate between degradation pathways. The strain Burkholderia cepacia G4 aerobically mineralized trichloroethene (TCE) to CO(2) over a time period of approximately 20 h. Three biodegradation experiments were conducted with different bacterial optical densities at 540 nm (OD(540)s) in order to test whether isotope fractionation was consistent. The resulting TCE degradation was 93, 83.8, and 57.2% (i.e., 7.0, 16.2, and 42.8% TCE remaining) at OD(540)s of 2.0, 1.1, and 0.6, respectively. ODs also correlated linearly with zero-order degradation rates (1.99, 1.11, and 0.64 micromol h(-1)). While initial nonequilibrium mass losses of TCE produced only minor carbon isotope shifts (expressed in per mille delta(13)C(VPDB)), they were 57.2, 39.6, and 17.0 per thousand between the initial and final TCE levels for the three experiments, in decreasing order of their OD(540)s. Despite these strong isotope shifts, we found a largely uniform isotope fractionation. The latter is expressed with a Rayleigh enrichment factor, epsilon, and was -18.2 when all experiments were grouped to a common point of 42.8% TCE remaining. Although, decreases of epsilon to -20.7 were observed near complete degradation, our enrichment factors were significantly more negative than those reported for anaerobic dehalogenation of TCE. This indicates typical isotope fractionation for specific enzymatic mechanisms that can help to differentiate between degradation pathways. The strain Burkholderia cepacia G4 aerobically mineralized trichloroethene (TCE) to CO2 over a time period of about 20 hours. Three biodegradation experiments were conducted with different bacterial optical densities at 540 nm in order to test whether isotope fractionation was consistent. The strain Burkholderia cepacia G4 aerobically mineralized trichloroethene (TCE) to CO 2 over a time period of ∼20 h. Three biodegradation experiments were conducted with different bacterial optical densities at 540 nm (OD 540 s) in order to test whether isotope fractionation was consistent. The resulting TCE degradation was 93, 83.8, and 57.2% (i.e., 7.0, 16.2, and 42.8% TCE remaining) at OD 540 s of 2.0, 1.1, and 0.6, respectively. ODs also correlated linearly with zero-order degradation rates (1.99, 1.11, and 0.64 μmol h −1 ). While initial nonequilibrium mass losses of TCE produced only minor carbon isotope shifts (expressed in per mille δ 13 C VPDB ), they were 57.2, 39.6, and 17.0‰ between the initial and final TCE levels for the three experiments, in decreasing order of their OD 540 s. Despite these strong isotope shifts, we found a largely uniform isotope fractionation. The latter is expressed with a Rayleigh enrichment factor, ɛ, and was −18.2 when all experiments were grouped to a common point of 42.8% TCE remaining. Although, decreases of ɛ to −20.7 were observed near complete degradation, our enrichment factors were significantly more negative than those reported for anaerobic dehalogenation of TCE. This indicates typical isotope fractionation for specific enzymatic mechanisms that can help to differentiate between degradation pathways.
Author	Markus Bill Mike Larkin Greg Slater Johannes A. C. Barth Robert M. Kalin Angela Downey Christoph Schüth
AuthorAffiliation	Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 0QF, Scotland, 1 Questor Centre, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, 6 Department of Geology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 2 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 3 Applied Geology Group, Geological Institute, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany, 4 Environmental Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 5
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 0QF, Scotland, 1 Questor Centre, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, 6 Department of Geology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 2 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 3 Applied Geology Group, Geological Institute, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany, 4 Environmental Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 5
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Johannes A. C surname: BARTH fullname: BARTH, Johannes A. C organization: Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 0QF, Scotland, United Kingdom – sequence: 2 givenname: Greg surname: SLATER fullname: SLATER, Greg organization: Department of Geology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada – sequence: 3 givenname: Christoph surname: SCHÜTH fullname: SCHÜTH, Christoph organization: Applied Geology Group, Geological Institute, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: Markus surname: BILL fullname: BILL, Markus organization: Environmental Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States – sequence: 5 givenname: Angela surname: DOWNEY fullname: DOWNEY, Angela organization: Questor Centre, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom – sequence: 6 givenname: Mike surname: LARKIN fullname: LARKIN, Mike organization: Questor Centre, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom – sequence: 7 givenname: Robert M surname: KALIN fullname: KALIN, Robert M organization: Questor Centre, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Keywords	Biodegradation Pollutant Bacteria Aerobiosis Burkholderia cepacia Ethylene(trichloro)
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 Corresponding author. Mailing address: Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 0QF, Scotland. Phone: 44 (0) 1355 270146. Fax: 44 (0)1355 229898. E-mail: J.Barth@suerc.gla.ac.uk.
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Snippet	Classifications Services AEM Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit... The strain Burkholderia cepacia G4 aerobically mineralized trichloroethene (TCE) to CO(2) over a time period of approximately 20 h. Three biodegradation... The strain Burkholderia cepacia G4 aerobically mineralized trichloroethene (TCE) to CO 2 over a time period of ∼20 h. Three biodegradation experiments were... The strain Burkholderia cepacia G4 aerobically mineralized trichloroethene (TCE) to CO2 over a time period of about 20 hours. Three biodegradation experiments... Different Burkholderia cepacia G4 optical densities were used to aerobically mineralize trichloroethylene, and the relationship between cell density and... The strain Burkholderia cepacia G4 aerobically mineralized trichloroethene (TCE) to CO sub(2) over a time period of approximately 20 h. Three biodegradation...
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SubjectTerms	Aerobiosis Bacteria Biodegradation, Environmental Biological and medical sciences Biology of microorganisms of confirmed or potential industrial interest Biotechnology Burkholderia cepacia Burkholderia cepacia - growth & development Burkholderia cepacia - metabolism Carbon Carbon Isotopes - analysis Decomposition Environmental Microbiology and Biodegradation Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Isotopes Microbiology Mission oriented research Physiology and metabolism Pollutants Trichloroethylene - chemistry Trichloroethylene - metabolism
Title	Carbon Isotope Fractionation during Aerobic Biodegradation of Trichloroethene by Burkholderia cepacia G4: a Tool To Map Degradation Mechanisms
URI	http://aem.asm.org/content/68/4/1728.abstract https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11916690 https://www.proquest.com/docview/205968943 https://search.proquest.com/docview/14609066 https://search.proquest.com/docview/16127529 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC123882
Volume	68
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