Effects of broadleaf woodland cover on streamwater chemistry and risk assessments of streamwater acidification in acid-sensitive catchments in the UK

• Published in: Environmental pollution (1987) Vol. 154; no. 2; pp. 232 - 240
• Main Authors: Gagkas, Z., Heal, K.V., Stuart, N., Nisbet, T.R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01-07-2008; Elsevier
• Subjects: acid deposition; Acid Rain; acid-sensitive watersheds; acidification; aluminum; Aluminum - analysis; Applied sciences; Broadleaf woodland; Chlorides - analysis; Continental surface waters; Critical loads; deciduous forests; drainage; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics; environmental impact; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Exact sciences and technology; Forests & Water Guidelines; Freshwater; hydrochemistry; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Natural water pollution; nitrate nitrogen; Nitrates - analysis; Pollution; Pollution, environment geology; riparian areas; risk assessment; Risk Assessment - methods; Rivers - chemistry; streams; Streamwater acidification; sulfates; surface water; Trees; United Kingdom; Water Movements; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water Pollution - analysis; Water treatment and pollution; watersheds; woodlands; United Kingdom; Europe; British Isles; Critical loads; Broadleaf woodland; Forests & Water Guidelines; Streamwater acidification; Forests; Environmental policy; Acidification; Environmental factor; Acid precipitation; Watershed; pH; Hardwood forest tree; Stream; Plant cover; Scavenging; Acidity; Impact study; Vegetation effect; Afforestation; Hydrochemistry; Surface water; Water quality; Critical load; Water pollution; Broadleaved forests; Canopy(vegetation); Environmental protection
• ISSN: 0269-7491; 1873-6424
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.10.006

Streamwater was sampled at high flows from 14 catchments with different (0–78%) percentages of broadleaf woodland cover in acid-sensitive areas in the UK to investigate whether woodland cover affects streamwater acidification. Significant positive correlations were found between broadleaf woodland cover and streamwater NO
3 and Al concentrations. Streamwater NO
3 concentrations exceeded non-marine SO
4 in three catchments with broadleaf woodland cover ≥50% indicating that NO
3 was the principal excess acidifying ion in the catchments dominated by woodland. Comparison of calculated streamwater critical loads with acid deposition totals showed that 11 of the study catchments were not subject to acidification by acidic deposition. Critical loads were exceeded in three catchments, two of which were due to high NO
3 concentrations in drainage from areas with large proportions of broadleaved woodland. The results suggest that the current risk assessment methodology should protect acid-sensitive catchments from potential acidification associated with broadleaf woodland expansion.
Broadleaf woodland <30% of catchment area should not pose a risk of increased streamwater nitrate and aluminium concentrations within acid-sensitive catchments.