The need for practical insecticide-resistance guidelines to effectively inform mosquito-borne disease control programs

• Published in: eLife Vol. 10
• Main Authors: Namias, Alice, Jobe, Ndey Bassin, Paaijmans, Krijn Petrus, Huijben, Silvie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge eLife Science Publications, Ltd 06-08-2021; eLife Sciences Publications Ltd; eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
• Subjects: Aedes; Anopheles; Bioassays; Control programs; COVID-19; Culicidae; Dengue fever; Discordance; Disease control; Disease resistance; Disease transmission; Drug resistance in microorganisms; Environmental conditions; Epidemiology and Global Health; Evolutionary Biology; Feeding behavior; Genes; Health surveillance; Host searching behavior; Insect control; Insecticide resistance; Insecticides; Laboratories; Malaria; Metabolism; Mortality; Mosquitoes; Mutation; Pathogens; Pesticide resistance; Pesticides; Physiological aspects; policy; Public health; Review; surveillance; Tropical diseases; vector control; Vector-borne diseases; Vectors (Biology); West Nile virus; Zika virus; Canada; Sub-Saharan Africa; United States > US
• ISSN: 2050-084X; 2050-084X
• DOI: 10.7554/eLife.65655

Monitoring local mosquito populations for insecticide resistance is critical for effective vector-borne disease control. However, widely used phenotypic assays, which are designed to monitor the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance (technical resistance), do not translate well to the efficacy of vector control products to suppress mosquito numbers in the field (practical resistance). This is because standard testing conditions such as environmental conditions, exposure dose, and type of substrate differ dramatically from those experienced by mosquitoes under field conditions. In addition, field mosquitoes have considerably different physiological characteristics such as age and blood-feeding status. Beyond this, indirect impacts of insecticide resistance and/or exposure on mosquito longevity, pathogen development, host-seeking behavior, and blood-feeding success impact disease transmission. Given the limited number of active ingredients currently available and the observed discordance between resistance and disease transmission, we conclude that additional testing guidelines are needed to determine practical resistance—the efficacy of vector control tools under relevant local conditions— in order to obtain programmatic impact.