Sequential Profiling of Anti-SARS CoV-2 IgG Antibody in Post COVID-19 Patients

• Published in: Indian journal of clinical biochemistry Vol. 37; no. 3; pp. 349 - 355
• Main Authors: Sukumaran, Ajaikumar, Thomas, Rhema Elizabeth, Krishnan, R. Arun, Thomas, Thushara, Thomas, Riji, Vijayan, Deepa K., Paul, Jofy. K., Vasudevan, D. M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New Delhi Springer India 01-07-2022; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Antibodies; Antibody response; Biochemistry; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Chemistry/Food Science; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Diagnostic reagents; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Health aspects; Immune system; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Infection; Life Sciences; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Microbiology; Olfaction; Original; Original Research Article; Pathology; Patients; Protein binding; Seroconversion; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Spike protein; COVID-19; Receptor binding domain; Anti-RBD SARS CoV-2 IgG; HRP; ELISA
• ISSN: 0970-1915; 0974-0422
• DOI: 10.1007/s12291-021-00998-7

Upon SARS CoV-2 infection, humoral immune system triggers production of anti-SARS CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies. Currently, antibodies against SARS CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain play a central role in disease protection, making them potential target for in vitro diagnostics applications. This study determines the expression level and sustainability of anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) SARS CoV-2 IgG in post COVID-19 patients. Anti-RBD SARS CoV-2 IgG antibodies in patient serum were analysed by standardised indirect ELISA using SARS CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain protein and HRP conjugated anti-human IgG antibody (anti-h IgG). The study was conducted using 35 adult patient samples with confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection. Additionally, correlation between antibody response after each stage and disease symptoms in post COVID-19 patients were studied. Maximum antibody titre was seen at Day 40 and decreased relatively to Day 180 in antibody positive samples when compared with controls. Overall, more IgG antibody expression is observed in patients who suffered from loss of smell and taste at Day 40. 71% of the positive subjects in this study showed high SARS CoV-2 IgG antibody concentration of above 10 ng/mL and 37% showed strong antibody concentration above 20 ng/mL at the peak of seroconversion.