Redox Signaling in Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Cachexia

• Published in: Antioxidants Vol. 12; no. 4; p. 945
• Main Authors: Simões E Silva, Ana Cristina, Oliveira, Eduardo A, Cheung, Wai W, Mak, Robert H
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-04-2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Antioxidants; Atrophy; Cachexia; Chronic illnesses; chronic kidney disease; Chronic kidney failure; Clinical trials; Diabetes; Enzymes; Homeostasis; Hypertension; Inflammation; Kidney diseases; Melatonin; Metabolism; Metabolites; muscle wasting; Musculoskeletal system; Nephrectomy; Oxidation; Oxidative stress; Pathophysiology; Physiological aspects; Protein synthesis; Proteins; redox signaling; Review; sarcopenia; Vitamin B; United States; chronic kidney disease; redox signaling; muscle wasting; cachexia; sarcopenia
• ISSN: 2076-3921; 2076-3921
• DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040945

Redox signaling alterations contribute to chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated cachexia. This review aims to summarize studies about redox pathophysiology in CKD-associated cachexia and muscle wasting and to discuss potential therapeutic approaches based on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules to restore redox homeostasis. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems of antioxidant molecules have been studied in experimental models of kidney diseases and patients with CKD. Oxidative stress is increased by several factors present in CKD, including uremic toxins, inflammation, and metabolic and hormone alterations, leading to muscle wasting. Rehabilitative nutritional and physical exercises have shown beneficial effects for CKD-associated cachexia. Anti-inflammatory molecules have also been tested in experimental models of CKD. The importance of oxidative stress has been shown by experimental studies in which antioxidant therapies ameliorated CKD and its associated complications in the 5/6 nephrectomy model. Treatment of CKD-associated cachexia is a challenge and further studies are necessary to investigate potential therapies involving antioxidant therapy.