Unravelling the metabolomic diversity of pigmented and non-pigmented traditional rice from Tamil Nadu, India

• Published in: BMC plant biology Vol. 24; no. 1; p. 402
• Main Authors: Subramanian, Venkatesan, Dhandayuthapani, Udhaya Nandhini, Kandasamy, Senthilraja, Sivaprakasam, Jidhu Vaishnavi, Balasubramaniam, Prabha, Shanmugam, Mohan Kumar, Nagappan, Sriram, Elangovan, Subramanian, Subramani, Umesh Kanna, Palaniyappan, Kumaresan, Vellingiri, Geethalakshmi, Muthurajan, Raveendran
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 15-05-2024; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Acids; Agricultural research; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Carotenoids; Chemical properties; Chromatography; Climate change; Color; Cultivars; Data mining; Farmers; Fatty acids; Food security; Gas chromatography; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Genetic aspects; Grain; Immune system; India; KEGG pathway; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Metabolism; Metabolite biomarkers; Metabolites; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Nutrition research; Oryza - chemistry; Oryza - metabolism; Pharmacology; Phenols; Physiological aspects; Phytosterols; Pigmentation; Plant metabolites; Prediction models; Principal Component Analysis; Principal components analysis; Principal compound analysis; Rice; Scientific imaging; SDG 2; Sterols; Sustainable development; Temperature; Terpenes; Traditional rice variety; India; Tamil Nadu India; Traditional rice variety; KEGG pathway; Metabolite biomarkers; SDG 2; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Univariate and multivariate analysis; Principal compound analysis
• ISSN: 1471-2229; 1471-2229
• DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05123-3

Rice metabolomics is widely used for biomarker research in the fields of pharmacology. As a consequence, characterization of the variations of the pigmented and non-pigmented traditional rice varieties of Tamil Nadu is crucial. These varieties possess fatty acids, sugars, terpenoids, plant sterols, phenols, carotenoids and other compounds that plays a major role in achieving sustainable development goal 2 (SDG 2). Gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to profile complete untargeted metabolomics of Kullkar (red colour) and Milagu Samba (white colour) for the first time and a total of 168 metabolites were identified. The metabolite profiles were subjected to data mining processes, including principal component analysis (PCA), Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discrimination Analysis (OPLS-DA) and Heat map analysis. OPLS-DA identified 144 differential metabolites between the 2 rice groups, variable importance in projection (VIP) ≥ 1 and fold change (FC) ≥ 2 or FC ≤ 0.5. Volcano plot (64 down regulated, 80 up regulated) was used to illustrate the differential metabolites. OPLS-DA predictive model showed good fit (R2X = 0.687) and predictability (Q2 = 0.977). The pathway enrichment analysis revealed the presence of three distinct pathways that were enriched. These findings serve as a foundation for further investigation into the function and nutritional significance of both pigmented and non-pigmented rice grains thereby can achieve the SDG 2.