Specificity and transmission mosaic of ant nest-wall fungi

Mutualism, whereby species interact to their mutual benefit, is extraordinary in a competitive world. To recognize general patterns of origin and maintenance from the plethora of mutualistic associations proves a persisting challenge. The simplest situation is believed to be that of a single mutuali...

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Published in:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 105; no. 3; pp. 940 - 943
Main Authors:	Schlick-Steiner, Birgit C, Steiner, Florian M, Konrad, Heino, Seifert, Bernhard, Christian, Erhard, Moder, Karl, Stauffer, Christian, Crozier, Ross H
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States National Academy of Sciences 22-01-2008 National Acad Sciences
Series:	From the Cover
Subjects:	Animals Ants Ants - microbiology Ants - physiology Ascomycetes Ascomycota Ascomycota - isolation & purification Ascomycota - physiology Biological Sciences Chthonolasius Conidia Dendrolasius Ecology Ecosystem studies Entomology Evolution Formicidae Fungi Fungiculture insect behavior insect colonies insect ecology insect fungiculture Insect nests Insects internal transcribed spacers Lasius Life Cycle Stages - physiology microbial growth Molecular Sequence Data Mutualism Mycology Nesting Behavior nucleotide sequences Queen insects ribosomal DNA Social insects Species Specificity Symbiosis - physiology
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Abstract	Mutualism, whereby species interact to their mutual benefit, is extraordinary in a competitive world. To recognize general patterns of origin and maintenance from the plethora of mutualistic associations proves a persisting challenge. The simplest situation is believed to be that of a single mutualist specific to a single host, vertically transmitted from one host generation to the next. We characterized ascomycete fungal associates cultured for nest architecture by the ant subgenera Dendrolasius and CHTHONOLASIUS: The ants probably manage their fungal mutualists by protecting them against fungal competitors. The ant subgenera display different ant-to-fungus specificity patterns, one-to-two and many-to-one, and we infer vertical transmission, in the latter case overlaid by horizontal transmission. Possible evolutionary trajectories include a reversal from fungiculture by other Lasius subgenera and inheritance of fungi through life cycle interactions of the ant subgenera. The mosaic indicates how specificity patterns can be shaped by an interplay between host life-cycles and transmission adaptations.
AbstractList	Mutualism, whereby species interact to their mutual benefit, is extraordinary in a competitive world. To recognize general patterns of origin and maintenance from the plethora of mutualistic associations proves a persisting challenge. The simplest situation is believed to be that of a single mutualist specific to a single host, vertically transmitted from one host generation to the next. We characterized ascomycete fungal associates cultured for nest architecture by the ant subgenera Dendrolasius and Chthonolasius . The ants probably manage their fungal mutualists by protecting them against fungal competitors. The ant subgenera display different ant-to-fungus specificity patterns, one-to-two and many-to-one, and we infer vertical transmission, in the latter case overlaid by horizontal transmission. Possible evolutionary trajectories include a reversal from fungiculture by other Lasius subgenera and inheritance of fungi through life cycle interactions of the ant subgenera. The mosaic indicates how specificity patterns can be shaped by an interplay between host life-cycles and transmission adaptations. Mutualism, whereby species interact to their mutual benefit, is extraordinary in a competitive world. To recognize general patterns of origin and maintenance from the plethora of mutualistic associations proves a persisting challenge. The simplest situation is believed to be that of a single mutualist specific to a single host, vertically transmitted from one host generation to the next. We characterized ascomycete fungal associates cultured for nest architecture by the ant subgenera Dendrolasius and Chthonolasius. The ants probably manage their fungal mutualists by protecting them against fungal competitors. The ant subgenera display different ant-to-fungus specificity patterns, one-to-two and many-to-one, and we infer vertical transmission, in the latter case overlaid by horizontal transmission. Possible evolutionary trajectories include a reversal from fungiculture by other Lasius subgenera and inheritance of fungi through life cycle interactions of the ant subgenera. The mosaic indicates how specificity patterns can be shaped by an interplay between host life-cycles and transmission adaptations. Mutualism, whereby species interact to their mutual benefit, is extraordinary in a competitive world. To recognize general patterns of origin and maintenance from the plethora of mutualistic associations proves a persisting challenge. The simplest situation is believed to be that of a single mutualist specific to a single host, vertically transmitted from one host generation to the next. We characterized ascomycete fungal associates cultured for nest architecture by the ant subgenera Dendrolasius and Chthonolasius. The ants probably manage their fungal mutualists by protecting them against fungal competitors. The ant subgenera display different ant-to-fungus specificity patterns, one-to-two and many-to-one, and we infer vertical transmission, in the latter case overlaid by horizontal transmission. Possible evolutionary trajectories include a reversal from fungiculture by other Lasius subgenera and inheritance of fungi through life cycle interactions of the ant subgenera. The mosaic indicates how specificity patterns can be shaped by an interplay between host life-cycles and transmission adaptations. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Mutualism, whereby species interact to their mutual benefit, is extraordinary in a competitive world. To recognize general patterns of origin and maintenance from the plethora of mutualistic associations proves a persisting challenge. The simplest situation is believed to be that of a single mutualist specific to a single host, vertically transmitted from one host generation to the next. We characterized ascomycete fungal associates cultured for nest architecture by the ant subgenera Dendrolasius and Chthonolasius . The ants probably manage their fungal mutualists by protecting them against fungal competitors. The ant subgenera display different ant-to-fungus specificity patterns, one-to-two and many-to-one, and we infer vertical transmission, in the latter case overlaid by horizontal transmission. Possible evolutionary trajectories include a reversal from fungiculture by other Lasius subgenera and inheritance of fungi through life cycle interactions of the ant subgenera. The mosaic indicates how specificity patterns can be shaped by an interplay between host life-cycles and transmission adaptations. insect fungiculture Lasius ants mutualism social insects
Author	Crozier, Ross H Seifert, Bernhard Moder, Karl Stauffer, Christian Konrad, Heino Schlick-Steiner, Birgit C Steiner, Florian M Christian, Erhard
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18195358$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright	Copyright 2008 The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Copyright National Academy of Sciences Jan 22, 2008 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA 2008
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Author contributions: B.C.S.-S. and F.M.S. contributed equally to this work; B.C.S.-S., F.M.S., H.K., E.C., and C.S. designed research; B.C.S.-S., F.M.S., H.K., and B.S. performed research; B.C.S.-S., F.M.S., H.K., B.S., K.M., and R.H.C. analyzed data; and B.C.S.-S., F.M.S., E.C., C.S., and R.H.C. wrote the paper. Edited by Bert Hölldobler, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, and approved December 4, 2007 Present address: Department of Genetics, Federal Research and Training Center for Forests, Natural Hazards, and Landscape, 1140 Vienna, Austria.
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SubjectTerms	Animals Ants Ants - microbiology Ants - physiology Ascomycetes Ascomycota Ascomycota - isolation & purification Ascomycota - physiology Biological Sciences Chthonolasius Conidia Dendrolasius Ecology Ecosystem studies Entomology Evolution Formicidae Fungi Fungiculture insect behavior insect colonies insect ecology insect fungiculture Insect nests Insects internal transcribed spacers Lasius Life Cycle Stages - physiology microbial growth Molecular Sequence Data Mutualism Mycology Nesting Behavior nucleotide sequences Queen insects ribosomal DNA Social insects Species Specificity Symbiosis - physiology
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Title	Specificity and transmission mosaic of ant nest-wall fungi
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