Inherited Retinal Degeneration: Towards the Development of a Combination Therapy Targeting Histone Deacetylase, Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase, and Calpain
Inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) represents a diverse group of gene mutation-induced blinding diseases. In IRD, the loss of photoreceptors is often connected to excessive activation of histone-deacetylase (HDAC), poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP), and calpain-type proteases (calpain). Moreover,...
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Abstract | Inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) represents a diverse group of gene mutation-induced blinding diseases. In IRD, the loss of photoreceptors is often connected to excessive activation of histone-deacetylase (HDAC), poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP), and calpain-type proteases (calpain). Moreover, the inhibition of either HDACs, PARPs, or calpains has previously shown promise in preventing photoreceptor cell death, although the relationship between these enzyme groups remains unclear. To explore this further, organotypic retinal explant cultures derived from wild-type mice and
mice as a model for IRD were treated with different combinations of inhibitors specific for HDAC, PARP, and calpain. The outcomes were assessed using in situ activity assays for HDAC, PARP, and calpain, immunostaining for activated calpain-2, and the TUNEL assay for cell death detection. We confirmed that inhibition of either HDAC, PARP, or calpain reduced
mouse photoreceptor degeneration, with the HDAC inhibitor Vorinostat (SAHA) being most effective. Calpain activity was reduced by inhibition of both HDAC and PARP whereas PARP activity was only reduced by HDAC inhibition. Unexpectedly, combined treatment with either PARP and calpain inhibitors or HDAC and calpain inhibitors did not produce synergistic rescue of photoreceptors. Together, these results indicate that in
photoreceptors, HDAC, PARP, and calpain are part of the same degenerative pathway and are activated in a sequence that begins with HDAC and ends with calpain. |
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AbstractList | Inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) represents a diverse group of gene mutation-induced blinding diseases. In IRD, the loss of photoreceptors is often connected to excessive activation of histone-deacetylase (HDAC), poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP), and calpain-type proteases (calpain). Moreover, the inhibition of either HDACs, PARPs, or calpains has previously shown promise in preventing photoreceptor cell death, although the relationship between these enzyme groups remains unclear. To explore this further, organotypic retinal explant cultures derived from wild-type mice and
rd1
mice as a model for IRD were treated with different combinations of inhibitors specific for HDAC, PARP, and calpain. The outcomes were assessed using in situ activity assays for HDAC, PARP, and calpain, immunostaining for activated calpain-2, and the TUNEL assay for cell death detection. We confirmed that inhibition of either HDAC, PARP, or calpain reduced
rd1
mouse photoreceptor degeneration, with the HDAC inhibitor Vorinostat (SAHA) being most effective. Calpain activity was reduced by inhibition of both HDAC and PARP whereas PARP activity was only reduced by HDAC inhibition. Unexpectedly, combined treatment with either PARP and calpain inhibitors or HDAC and calpain inhibitors did not produce synergistic rescue of photoreceptors. Together, these results indicate that in
rd1
photoreceptors, HDAC, PARP, and calpain are part of the same degenerative pathway and are activated in a sequence that begins with HDAC and ends with calpain. Inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) represents a diverse group of gene mutation-induced blinding diseases. In IRD, the loss of photoreceptors is often connected to excessive activation of histone-deacetylase (HDAC), poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP), and calpain-type proteases (calpain). Moreover, the inhibition of either HDACs, PARPs, or calpains has previously shown promise in preventing photoreceptor cell death, although the relationship between these enzyme groups remains unclear. To explore this further, organotypic retinal explant cultures derived from wild-type mice and rd1 mice as a model for IRD were treated with different combinations of inhibitors specific for HDAC, PARP, and calpain. The outcomes were assessed using in situ activity assays for HDAC, PARP, and calpain, immunostaining for activated calpain-2, and the TUNEL assay for cell death detection. We confirmed that inhibition of either HDAC, PARP, or calpain reduced rd1 mouse photoreceptor degeneration, with the HDAC inhibitor Vorinostat (SAHA) being most effective. Calpain activity was reduced by inhibition of both HDAC and PARP whereas PARP activity was only reduced by HDAC inhibition. Unexpectedly, combined treatment with either PARP and calpain inhibitors or HDAC and calpain inhibitors did not produce synergistic rescue of photoreceptors. Together, these results indicate that in rd1 photoreceptors, HDAC, PARP, and calpain are part of the same degenerative pathway and are activated in a sequence that begins with HDAC and ends with calpain. Inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) represents a diverse group of gene mutation-induced blinding diseases. In IRD, the loss of photoreceptors is often connected to excessive activation of histone-deacetylase (HDAC), poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP), and calpain-type proteases (calpain). Moreover, the inhibition of either HDACs, PARPs, or calpains has previously shown promise in preventing photoreceptor cell death, although the relationship between these enzyme groups remains unclear. To explore this further, organotypic retinal explant cultures derived from wild-type mice and mice as a model for IRD were treated with different combinations of inhibitors specific for HDAC, PARP, and calpain. The outcomes were assessed using in situ activity assays for HDAC, PARP, and calpain, immunostaining for activated calpain-2, and the TUNEL assay for cell death detection. We confirmed that inhibition of either HDAC, PARP, or calpain reduced mouse photoreceptor degeneration, with the HDAC inhibitor Vorinostat (SAHA) being most effective. Calpain activity was reduced by inhibition of both HDAC and PARP whereas PARP activity was only reduced by HDAC inhibition. Unexpectedly, combined treatment with either PARP and calpain inhibitors or HDAC and calpain inhibitors did not produce synergistic rescue of photoreceptors. Together, these results indicate that in photoreceptors, HDAC, PARP, and calpain are part of the same degenerative pathway and are activated in a sequence that begins with HDAC and ends with calpain. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Dong, Yujie Hu, Zhulin Jiao, Kangwei Xu, Wenrong Yan, Jie Paquet-Durand, François Yang, Ming |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, 176 Qingnian, Kunming 650021, China 4 Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany 3 Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany 2 Kunming Medical University, No. 1168 Chunrongxi Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China 5 Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany – name: 2 Kunming Medical University, No. 1168 Chunrongxi Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China – name: 1 Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, 176 Qingnian, Kunming 650021, China – name: 5 Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China – name: 4 Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yujie orcidid: 0000-0003-3246-5913 surname: Dong fullname: Dong, Yujie organization: Kunming Medical University, No. 1168 Chunrongxi Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Jie orcidid: 0000-0002-7776-7838 surname: Yan fullname: Yan, Jie organization: Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Ming surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Ming organization: Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Wenrong surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Wenrong organization: Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, 176 Qingnian, Kunming 650021, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Zhulin surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Zhulin organization: Kunming Medical University, No. 1168 Chunrongxi Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China – sequence: 6 givenname: François orcidid: 0000-0001-7355-5742 surname: Paquet-Durand fullname: Paquet-Durand, François organization: Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany – sequence: 7 givenname: Kangwei orcidid: 0000-0003-3202-5993 surname: Jiao fullname: Jiao, Kangwei organization: Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, 176 Qingnian, Kunming 650021, China |
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Keywords | photoreceptor cell death retinitis pigmentosa cGMP PKG |
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SubjectTerms | Animal welfare Animals Apoptosis Calpain Calpain - metabolism Care and treatment Cell death cGMP Combination therapy Enzymes Genetic aspects Health aspects Histone deacetylase Histone Deacetylases Histones Kinases Mice photoreceptor cell death Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate Photoreceptors Physiological aspects PKG Point mutation Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors - pharmacology Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors - therapeutic use Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases - metabolism Retina Retinal degeneration Retinal Degeneration - drug therapy Retinal Degeneration - genetics retinitis pigmentosa Ribose - pharmacology Ribose - therapeutic use Vorinostat - pharmacology Vorinostat - therapeutic use |
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Title | Inherited Retinal Degeneration: Towards the Development of a Combination Therapy Targeting Histone Deacetylase, Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase, and Calpain |
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