Polyamine Action under Metal/Metalloid Stress: Regulation of Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Molecular Interactions

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 20; no. 13; p. 3215
• Main Authors: Hasanuzzaman, Mirza, Alhaithloul, Haifa Abdulaziz S, Parvin, Khursheda, Bhuyan, M H M Borhannuddin, Tanveer, Mohsin, Mohsin, Sayed Mohammad, Nahar, Kamrun, Soliman, Mona H, Mahmud, Jubayer Al, Fujita, Masayuki
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 30-06-2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Abiotic stress; amino acids; Antioxidants; Biosynthesis; Cell division; Chelation; Chromium; Defense mechanisms; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; Environmental Pollution; Enzymes; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes; Homeostasis; Immunological tolerance; Ion channels; Leaves; Metabolism; Metalloids - pharmacokinetics; Metalloids - toxicity; Metals - pharmacokinetics; Metals - toxicity; Molecular interactions; Molecular weight; Oxidative stress; phytohormones; Plant growth; Plant tolerance; Plants - drug effects; Plants - genetics; Plants - metabolism; Polyamine oxidase; Polyamines; Polyamines - metabolism; reactive oxygen species; Review; Roles; stress signaling; Stress, Physiological; toxic metal/metalloid(s); Toxicity; Abiotic stress; toxic metal/metalloid(s); amino acids; reactive oxygen species; stress signaling; phytohormones
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133215

Polyamines (PAs) are found in all living organisms and serve many vital physiological processes. In plants, PAs are ubiquitous in plant growth, physiology, reproduction, and yield. In the last decades, PAs have been studied widely for exploring their function in conferring abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and metal/metalloid toxicity) tolerance. The role of PAs in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanism and subsequent oxidative stress tolerance in plants is well-evident. However, the enzymatic regulation in PAs biosynthesis and metabolism is still under research and widely variable under various stresses and plant types. Recently, exogenous use of PAs, such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, was found to play a vital role in enhancing stress tolerance traits in plants. Polyamines also interact with other molecules like phytohormones, nitric oxides, trace elements, and other signaling molecules to providing coordinating actions towards stress tolerance. Due to the rapid industrialization metal/metalloid(s) contamination in the soil and subsequent uptake and toxicity in plants causes the most significant yield loss in cultivated plants, which also hamper food security. Finding the ways in enhancing tolerance and remediation mechanism is one of the critical tasks for plant biologists. In this review, we will focus the recent update on the roles of PAs in conferring metal/metalloid(s) tolerance in plants.