Tyrosine Kinase Receptors in Oncology

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 21; no. 22; p. 8529
• Main Authors: Esteban-Villarrubia, Jorge, Soto-Castillo, Juan José, Pozas, Javier, San Román-Gil, María, Orejana-Martín, Inmaculada, Torres-Jiménez, Javier, Carrato, Alfredo, Alonso-Gordoa, Teresa, Molina-Cerrillo, Javier
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 12-11-2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase - metabolism; Apoptosis; Biology; Carcinogenesis; Cell differentiation; Clinical trials; Enzymes; ErbB Receptors - metabolism; Growth factors; Histology; Humans; Hypoxia; Immunotherapy; Kinases; Ligands; Mammals; Metabolism; Motility; Neoplasms - metabolism; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Oncology; Phosphorylation; Precision Medicine; Protein-tyrosine kinase; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - metabolism; Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins - metabolism; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit - metabolism; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - metabolism; Receptor, ErbB-2 - metabolism; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1 - metabolism; Receptor, trkA - metabolism; Regulation; Review; Signal Transduction; Transcription factors; Tumor cells; Tumorigenesis; Tumors; Tyrosine; tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors; tyrosine kinase receptors; tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors; tyrosine kinase receptors; tumorigenesis; research
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228529

Tyrosine kinase receptors (TKR) comprise more than 60 molecules that play an essential role in the molecular pathways, leading to cell survival and differentiation. Consequently, genetic alterations of TKRs may lead to tumorigenesis and, therefore, cancer development. The discovery and improvement of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) against TKRs have entailed an important step in the knowledge-expansion of tumor physiopathology as well as an improvement in the cancer treatment based on molecular alterations over many tumor types. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive review of the different families of TKRs and their role in the expansion of tumor cells and how TKIs can stop these pathways to tumorigenesis, in combination or not with other therapies. The increasing growth of this landscape is driving us to strengthen the development of precision oncology with clinical trials based on molecular-based therapy over a histology-based one, with promising preliminary results.