Insulin and Insulin Receptors in Adipose Tissue Development

Insulin and Insulin Receptors in Adipose Tissue Development

Insulin is a major endocrine hormone also involved in the regulation of energy and lipid metabolism via the activation of an intracellular signaling cascade involving the insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT). S...

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Published in:International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 20; no. 3; p. 759
Main Authors: Cignarelli, Angelo, Genchi, Valentina Annamaria, Perrini, Sebastio, Natalicchio, Annalisa, Laviola, Luigi, Giorgino, Francesco
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 11-02-2019
MDPI
Subjects:
adipocyte
Adipocytes
Adipogenesis
Adipose tissue
Adipose tissue (brown)
Alternative splicing
Angiogenesis
Body fat
Body weight
Cell adhesion & migration
Cytokines
Diabetes
Endothelium
Fatty acids
Functional plasticity
Gene expression
Glucose
Insulin
insulin receptor
Insulin receptors
Insulin resistance
Insulin-like growth factors
Kinases
Lipids
Metabolism
Paracrine signalling
Physiology
Proteins
receptor isoform
Review
Stem cells
Transcription factors
adipose tissue
receptor isoform
insulin receptor
adipocyte
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Abstract Insulin is a major endocrine hormone also involved in the regulation of energy and lipid metabolism via the activation of an intracellular signaling cascade involving the insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT). Specifically, insulin regulates several aspects of the development and function of adipose tissue and stimulates the differentiation program of adipose cells. Insulin can activate its responses in adipose tissue through two INSR splicing variants: INSR-A, which is predominantly expressed in mesenchymal and less-differentiated cells and mainly linked to cell proliferation, and INSR-B, which is more expressed in terminally differentiated cells and coupled to metabolic effects. Recent findings have revealed that different distributions of INSR and an altered INSR-A:INSR-B ratio may contribute to metabolic abnormalities during the onset of insulin resistance and the progression to type 2 diabetes. In this review, we discuss the role of insulin and the INSR in the development and endocrine activity of adipose tissue and the pharmacological implications for the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
AbstractList Insulin is a major endocrine hormone also involved in the regulation of energy and lipid metabolism via the activation of an intracellular signaling cascade involving the insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT). Specifically, insulin regulates several aspects of the development and function of adipose tissue and stimulates the differentiation program of adipose cells. Insulin can activate its responses in adipose tissue through two INSR splicing variants: INSR-A, which is predominantly expressed in mesenchymal and less-differentiated cells and mainly linked to cell proliferation, and INSR-B, which is more expressed in terminally differentiated cells and coupled to metabolic effects. Recent findings have revealed that different distributions of INSR and an altered INSR-A:INSR-B ratio may contribute to metabolic abnormalities during the onset of insulin resistance and the progression to type 2 diabetes. In this review, we discuss the role of insulin and the INSR in the development and endocrine activity of adipose tissue and the pharmacological implications for the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
The biological features of AT from different sites could play a crucial role in the onset of metabolic derangements observed in overweight and obese subjects, and this may include the different sensitivity of specific AT depots to the action of insulin. [...]the contribution of different insulin receptor (INSR) splice variants to adipocyte development and function is not completely understood. [...]dietary inputs can modulate these two biological endpoints in adults [37]. [...]the ability of mature adipocytes to accumulate lipids and the ability of ASCs from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) to form new adipocytes are the key processes underlying the regenerative capacity of AT. [...]adipose progenitors share a common origin with endothelial and perivascular cells [38,39], suggesting that adipogenesis, angiogenesis and vascular remodeling are mechanisms that are tightly and coordinately regulated in a paracrine/endocrine manner [40]. Under physiological conditions, both white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) are hypervascularized, and the adipose vasculature displays functional plasticity to comply with the metabolic demands of adipocytes.
Author Laviola, Luigi
Cignarelli, Angelo
Natalicchio, Annalisa
Giorgino, Francesco
Perrini, Sebastio
Genchi, Valentina Annamaria
AuthorAffiliation Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; angelo.cignarelli@uniba.it (A.C.); valengenchi@gmail.com (V.A.G.); sebastio.perrini@uniba.it (S.P.); annalisa.natalicchio@uniba.it (A.N.); luigi.laviola@uniba.it (L.L.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; angelo.cignarelli@uniba.it (A.C.); valengenchi@gmail.com (V.A.G.); sebastio.perrini@uniba.it (S.P.); annalisa.natalicchio@uniba.it (A.N.); luigi.laviola@uniba.it (L.L.)
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Angelo
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6477-9031
  surname: Cignarelli
  fullname: Cignarelli, Angelo
  email: angelo.cignarelli@uniba.it
  organization: Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy. angelo.cignarelli@uniba.it
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  givenname: Valentina Annamaria
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8188-9638
  surname: Genchi
  fullname: Genchi, Valentina Annamaria
  email: valengenchi@gmail.com
  organization: Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy. valengenchi@gmail.com
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Sebastio
  surname: Perrini
  fullname: Perrini, Sebastio
  email: sebastio.perrini@uniba.it
  organization: Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy. sebastio.perrini@uniba.it
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Annalisa
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6131-7517
  surname: Natalicchio
  fullname: Natalicchio, Annalisa
  email: annalisa.natalicchio@uniba.it
  organization: Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy. annalisa.natalicchio@uniba.it
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Luigi
  surname: Laviola
  fullname: Laviola, Luigi
  email: luigi.laviola@uniba.it
  organization: Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy. luigi.laviola@uniba.it
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Francesco
  orcidid: 0000-0001-7372-2678
  surname: Giorgino
  fullname: Giorgino, Francesco
  email: francesco.giorgino@uniba.it
  organization: Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy. francesco.giorgino@uniba.it
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Issue 3
Keywords adipose tissue
receptor isoform
insulin receptor
adipocyte
Language English
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Snippet Insulin is a major endocrine hormone also involved in the regulation of energy and lipid metabolism via the activation of an intracellular signaling cascade...
The biological features of AT from different sites could play a crucial role in the onset of metabolic derangements observed in overweight and obese subjects,...
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SubjectTerms adipocyte
Adipocytes
Adipogenesis
Adipose tissue
Adipose tissue (brown)
Alternative splicing
Angiogenesis
Body fat
Body weight
Cell adhesion & migration
Cytokines
Diabetes
Endothelium
Fatty acids
Functional plasticity
Gene expression
Glucose
Insulin
insulin receptor
Insulin receptors
Insulin resistance
Insulin-like growth factors
Kinases
Lipids
Metabolism
Paracrine signalling
Physiology
Proteins
receptor isoform
Review
Stem cells
Transcription factors
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Title Insulin and Insulin Receptors in Adipose Tissue Development
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