Antiviral nucleoside analogs

• Published in: Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds (New York, N.Y. 1965) Vol. 57; no. 4; pp. 326 - 341
• Main Authors: Kataev, Vladimir E., Garifullin, Bulat F.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01-04-2021; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Analogs; Care and treatment; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Drug approval; Health aspects; Hepatitis B; HIV infection; Nucleoside analogs; Nucleosides; Organic Chemistry; Pharmacy; Physiological aspects; Reviews; Trifluridine; pronucleotides; nucleoside analogs; antiviral activity
• ISSN: 0009-3122; 1573-8353
• DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02912-8

The minireview surveys the modification of native nucleosides as a result of which huge libraries of nucleoside analogs of various structures were synthesized. Particular attention is paid to the synthesis of the so-called prodrug forms of nucleoside analogs which ensure their penetration into the cell and metabolism to active 5'-triphosphate derivatives. All the best known antiviral cyclic nucleoside analogs approved for the treatment of HIV infections, hepatitis B, C, and influenza since the 1960s, as well as those in various stages of clinical trials in recent years, are listed. Nucleoside analogs that have shown the ability to inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are discussed, including remdesivir, approved by the FDA for emergency use in the fight against COVID-19.