Humanity’s diverse predatory niche and its ecological consequences
Although humans have long been predators with enduring nutritive and cultural relationships with their prey, seldom have conservation ecologists considered the divergent predatory behavior of contemporary, industrialized humans. Recognizing that the number, strength and diversity of predator-prey re...
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| Published in: | Communications biology Vol. 6; no. 1; p. 609 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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29-06-2023
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| Abstract | Although humans have long been predators with enduring nutritive and cultural relationships with their prey, seldom have conservation ecologists considered the divergent predatory behavior of contemporary, industrialized humans. Recognizing that the number, strength and diversity of predator-prey relationships can profoundly influence biodiversity, here we analyze humanity’s modern day predatory interactions with vertebrates and estimate their ecological consequences. Analysing IUCN ‘use and trade’ data for ~47,000 species, we show that fishers, hunters and other animal collectors prey on more than a third (~15,000 species) of Earth’s vertebrates. Assessed over equivalent ranges, humans exploit up to 300 times more species than comparable non-human predators. Exploitation for the pet trade, medicine, and other uses now affects almost as many species as those targeted for food consumption, and almost 40% of exploited species are threatened by human use. Trait space analyses show that birds and mammals threatened by exploitation occupy a disproportionally large and unique region of ecological trait space, now at risk of loss. These patterns suggest far more species are subject to human-imposed ecological (e.g., landscapes of fear) and evolutionary (e.g., harvest selection) processes than previously considered. Moreover, continued overexploitation will likely bear profound consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem function.
Predatory niche and ecological trait space analyses identify modern humans as unique predators of vertebrates. |
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| AbstractList | Although humans have long been predators with enduring nutritive and cultural relationships with their prey, seldom have conservation ecologists considered the divergent predatory behavior of contemporary, industrialized humans. Recognizing that the number, strength and diversity of predator-prey relationships can profoundly influence biodiversity, here we analyze humanity's modern day predatory interactions with vertebrates and estimate their ecological consequences. Analysing IUCN 'use and trade' data for ~47,000 species, we show that fishers, hunters and other animal collectors prey on more than a third (~15,000 species) of Earth's vertebrates. Assessed over equivalent ranges, humans exploit up to 300 times more species than comparable non-human predators. Exploitation for the pet trade, medicine, and other uses now affects almost as many species as those targeted for food consumption, and almost 40% of exploited species are threatened by human use. Trait space analyses show that birds and mammals threatened by exploitation occupy a disproportionally large and unique region of ecological trait space, now at risk of loss. These patterns suggest far more species are subject to human-imposed ecological (e.g., landscapes of fear) and evolutionary (e.g., harvest selection) processes than previously considered. Moreover, continued overexploitation will likely bear profound consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem function. Although humans have long been predators with enduring nutritive and cultural relationships with their prey, seldom have conservation ecologists considered the divergent predatory behavior of contemporary, industrialized humans. Recognizing that the number, strength and diversity of predator-prey relationships can profoundly influence biodiversity, here we analyze humanity’s modern day predatory interactions with vertebrates and estimate their ecological consequences. Analysing IUCN ‘use and trade’ data for ~47,000 species, we show that fishers, hunters and other animal collectors prey on more than a third (~15,000 species) of Earth’s vertebrates. Assessed over equivalent ranges, humans exploit up to 300 times more species than comparable non-human predators. Exploitation for the pet trade, medicine, and other uses now affects almost as many species as those targeted for food consumption, and almost 40% of exploited species are threatened by human use. Trait space analyses show that birds and mammals threatened by exploitation occupy a disproportionally large and unique region of ecological trait space, now at risk of loss. These patterns suggest far more species are subject to human-imposed ecological (e.g., landscapes of fear) and evolutionary (e.g., harvest selection) processes than previously considered. Moreover, continued overexploitation will likely bear profound consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem function. Predatory niche and ecological trait space analyses identify modern humans as unique predators of vertebrates. Abstract Although humans have long been predators with enduring nutritive and cultural relationships with their prey, seldom have conservation ecologists considered the divergent predatory behavior of contemporary, industrialized humans. Recognizing that the number, strength and diversity of predator-prey relationships can profoundly influence biodiversity, here we analyze humanity’s modern day predatory interactions with vertebrates and estimate their ecological consequences. Analysing IUCN ‘use and trade’ data for ~47,000 species, we show that fishers, hunters and other animal collectors prey on more than a third (~15,000 species) of Earth’s vertebrates. Assessed over equivalent ranges, humans exploit up to 300 times more species than comparable non-human predators. Exploitation for the pet trade, medicine, and other uses now affects almost as many species as those targeted for food consumption, and almost 40% of exploited species are threatened by human use. Trait space analyses show that birds and mammals threatened by exploitation occupy a disproportionally large and unique region of ecological trait space, now at risk of loss. These patterns suggest far more species are subject to human-imposed ecological (e.g., landscapes of fear) and evolutionary (e.g., harvest selection) processes than previously considered. Moreover, continued overexploitation will likely bear profound consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem function. Although humans have long been predators with enduring nutritive and cultural relationships with their prey, seldom have conservation ecologists considered the divergent predatory behavior of contemporary, industrialized humans. Recognizing that the number, strength and diversity of predator-prey relationships can profoundly influence biodiversity, here we analyze humanity’s modern day predatory interactions with vertebrates and estimate their ecological consequences. Analysing IUCN ‘use and trade’ data for ~47,000 species, we show that fishers, hunters and other animal collectors prey on more than a third (~15,000 species) of Earth’s vertebrates. Assessed over equivalent ranges, humans exploit up to 300 times more species than comparable non-human predators. Exploitation for the pet trade, medicine, and other uses now affects almost as many species as those targeted for food consumption, and almost 40% of exploited species are threatened by human use. Trait space analyses show that birds and mammals threatened by exploitation occupy a disproportionally large and unique region of ecological trait space, now at risk of loss. These patterns suggest far more species are subject to human-imposed ecological (e.g., landscapes of fear) and evolutionary (e.g., harvest selection) processes than previously considered. Moreover, continued overexploitation will likely bear profound consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem function.Predatory niche and ecological trait space analyses identify modern humans as unique predators of vertebrates. |
| ArticleNumber | 609 |
| Author | McKechnie, Iain Cooke, Rob Bryan, Heather M. Galetti, Mauro Worm, Boris Bourbonnais, Mathieu L. Carlson, Stephanie M. Estes, James A. MacLean, Jessica L. Darimont, Chris T. Paquet, Paul C. Levi, Taal |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Chris T. orcidid: 0000-0002-2799-6894 surname: Darimont fullname: Darimont, Chris T. email: darimont@uvic.ca organization: Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Raincoast Conservation Foundation – sequence: 2 givenname: Rob orcidid: 0000-0003-0601-8888 surname: Cooke fullname: Cooke, Rob email: RobOke@ceh.ac.uk organization: UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology – sequence: 3 givenname: Mathieu L. surname: Bourbonnais fullname: Bourbonnais, Mathieu L. organization: Department of Earth, Environmental, and Geographic Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan – sequence: 4 givenname: Heather M. surname: Bryan fullname: Bryan, Heather M. organization: Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Northern British Columbia – sequence: 5 givenname: Stephanie M. orcidid: 0000-0003-3055-6483 surname: Carlson fullname: Carlson, Stephanie M. organization: Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California – sequence: 6 givenname: James A. surname: Estes fullname: Estes, James A. organization: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California – sequence: 7 givenname: Mauro surname: Galetti fullname: Galetti, Mauro organization: São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Biodiversity, Kimberly Green Latin American and Caribbean Center, Florida International University (FIU) – sequence: 8 givenname: Taal surname: Levi fullname: Levi, Taal organization: Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University – sequence: 9 givenname: Jessica L. orcidid: 0000-0001-6262-1855 surname: MacLean fullname: MacLean, Jessica L. organization: Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Raincoast Conservation Foundation – sequence: 10 givenname: Iain orcidid: 0000-0002-4989-2711 surname: McKechnie fullname: McKechnie, Iain organization: Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay – sequence: 11 givenname: Paul C. surname: Paquet fullname: Paquet, Paul C. organization: Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Raincoast Conservation Foundation – sequence: 12 givenname: Boris surname: Worm fullname: Worm, Boris organization: Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Ocean Frontier Institute, Dalhousie University |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37386144$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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