Hydrogen peroxide from l-amino acid oxidase of king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) venom attenuates Pseudomonas biofilms

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 11304
• Main Authors: Singkham-In, Uthaibhorn, Thaveekarn, Wichit, Noiphrom, Jureeporn, Khow, Orawan, Ponwaranon, Surada, Issara-Amphorn, Jiraphorn, Sitprija, Visith, Leelahavanichkul, Asada
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 12-07-2023; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/326; 631/337; 692/308; Amino acid oxidase; Amino acids; Animals; Antimicrobial activity; Biofilms; Humanities and Social Sciences; Hydrogen Peroxide; L-Amino Acid Oxidase - pharmacology; multidisciplinary; Nosocomial infection; Ophiophagus hannah; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections - drug therapy; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Snakes; Venom
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37914-3

Because of the high incidence of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
biofilms-related nosocomial infections, venoms from common Thai snakes were tested. Although venoms from king cobra (
Ophiophagus hannah
; OH) and green pit viper (
Trimeresurus albolabris
) showed the broadest antibacterial spectrum, OH venom demonstrated more profound anti-biofilm activities against
P. aeruginosa
. Additionally, purified
l
-amino acid oxidase from OH venom (OH-LAAO), using a three-step chromatography and protein identification, reduced biofilm mass as indicated by the downregulation of several genes, including the genes for biofilm synthesis (
algD
and
pslB
) and biofilm regulators (
algU
,
gacA
, and
siaD
). Moreover, OH-LAAO disrupted 
Pseudomonas
-preformed biofilms via upregulation of several genes for biofilm dispersion (
nbdA
,
bdlA
, and
dipA
) and biofilm degradation (
endA
and
pslG
), resulting in a reduction of the biofilm biomass. Due to the antimicrobial effects and anti-biofilm activities (reduced production plus increased dispersion) neutralized by catalase, a hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
)-degrading enzyme, the enhanced H
2
O
2
by OH venom might be one of the anti-biofilm mechanisms. Hence, OH-LAAO was proposed as a novel agent against
Pseudomonas
biofilms for either treatment or prevention. More studies are interesting.