Efficacy of concentrated growth factor (CGF) in the surgical treatment of oral diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis

• Published in: BMC oral health Vol. 23; no. 1; pp. 1 - 712
• Main Authors: Chen, Liang, Cheng, Jing, Cai, Yu, Zhang, Jingran, Yin, Xiaohui, Luan, Qingxian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central Ltd 04-10-2023; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Alveolar ridge preservation; Analysis; Angiogenesis; Bone grafts; Bone resorption; Care and treatment; Clinical trials; Concentrated growth factor; Connective tissues; Dental diseases; Dental implant; Dental implants; Gingiva; Growth factors; Handbooks; Health aspects; Implant dentures; Information management; Intervention; Maxillofacial surgery; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Meta-analysis; Oral diseases; Pain; Periodontal diseases; Surgery; Systematic review; Tissue engineering; Tooth extraction
• ISSN: 1472-6831; 1472-6831
• DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03357-5

Abstract
Background
Concentrated growth factor (CGF), a new autologous platelet concentrate, has been widely investigated to the adjunctive treatment of oral diseases. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of CGF in the surgical treatment of oral diseases.
Methods
MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were searched up to July 2023. Only randomized clinical trials were included. The methodologic quality was evaluated by the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. RevMan 5.4 software was used for data analysis.
Results
In the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects, bone graft combined with CGF was significantly superior to bone graft (P < 0.01), with mean intrabony defect depth reduction of 1.41 mm and mean clinical attachment level gain of 0.55 mm. In the regenerative surgery of furcation defects, the effect of CGF group was significantly better than control group (P < 0.0001), with mean probing depth reduction of 0.99 mm, vertical bone gain of 0.25 mm, and horizontal bone gain of 0.34 mm. CGF combined with coronally advanced flap (CAF) was more effective than CAF alone (mean keratinized tissue width increase of 0.41 mm, mean gingival thickness increase of 0.26 mm, P < 0.00001), but less effective than connective tissue graft (CTG) combined with CAF (mean root coverage difference of -15.1%, mean gingival thickness difference of -0.5 mm, P < 0.0001). In the alveolar ridge preservation, additional use of CGF reduced horizontal bone resorption by 1.41 mm and buccal vertical bone resorption by 1.01 mm compared to control group (P < 0.0001). The VAS score of CGF group was significantly lower than that of the control group at the 1st and 7th day after oral surgery (P < 0.0001).
Conclusions
CGF can exert a positive adjunctive effect for the regenerative surgery of periodontal intrabony defects, furcation defects, and alveolar ridge preservation procedure. CGF combined with CAF has a better therapeutic effect on gingival recession compared to CAF alone, although it is not as effective as CTG combined with CAF. CGF could promote postoperative healing and pain relief in oral surgery within a week. There is currently not enough evidence to support the clinical benefits of CGF in other oral surgeries.