Biodegradation of bio-sourced and synthetic organic electronic materials towards green organic electronics

• Published in: Nature communications Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 3167 - 10
• Main Authors: Di Mauro, Eduardo, Rho, Denis, Santato, Clara
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 26-05-2021; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 639/301/1005/1007; 704/172/4081; Animals; Biocompatibility; Biodegradability; Biodegradation; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biomedical materials; Chemical elements; Composting; Composts; Copper; Decapodiformes - chemistry; Depletion; Electrical Equipment and Supplies; Electronic components; Electronic devices; Electronic equipment; Electronic materials; Electronics; Environmental impact; Green Chemistry Technology - methods; Humanities and Social Sciences; Indoles - chemistry; Lolium - drug effects; Lolium - growth & development; Melanins - chemistry; Melanins - isolation & purification; Microbiota - drug effects; Microorganisms; multidisciplinary; Organometallic Compounds - chemistry; Polymers - chemistry; Polyphenylene sulfides; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Seeds - drug effects; Seeds - growth & development; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants - chemistry; Soil Pollutants - toxicity
• ISSN: 2041-1723; 2041-1723
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23227-4

Ubiquitous use of electronic devices has led to an unprecedented increase in related waste as well as the worldwide depletion of reserves of key chemical elements required in their manufacturing. The use of biodegradable and abundant organic (carbon-based) electronic materials can contribute to alleviate the environmental impact of the electronic industry. The pigment eumelanin is a bio-sourced candidate for environmentally benign (green) organic electronics. The biodegradation of eumelanin extracted from cuttlefish ink is studied both at 25 °C (mesophilic conditions) and 58 °C (thermophilic conditions) following ASTM D5338 and comparatively evaluated with the biodegradation of two synthetic organic electronic materials, namely copper (II) phthalocyanine (Cu–Pc) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). Eumelanin biodegradation reaches 4.1% (25 °C) in 97 days and 37% (58 °C) in 98 days, and residual material is found to be without phytotoxic effects. The two synthetic materials, Cu–Pc and PPS, do not biodegrade; Cu–Pc brings about the inhibition of microbial respiration in the compost. PPS appears to be potentially phytotoxic. Finally, some considerations regarding the biodegradation test as well as the disambiguation of “biodegradability” and “bioresorbability” are highlighted.
Waste build-up from organic electronic components is a major environmental issue; biodegradable electronic materials could be a solution to this. Here, the authors report on the biodegradation of bio-sourced and synthetic electronic materials in industrial compost at different temperatures.