Protocol for evaluating external facilitation as a strategy to nationally implement a novel stigma reduction training tool for healthcare providers

• Published in: Implementation science communications Vol. 3; no. 1; pp. 1 - 88
• Main Authors: Wasmuth, Sally, Belkiewitz, Johnna, Bravata, Dawn, Horsford, Caitlin, Harris, Alex, Smith, Carlton, Austin, Charles, Miech, Edward
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central 12-08-2022; BMC
• Subjects: Diversity training; External facilitation; Flexibility; Health care; Healthcare equity; Implementation climate; Intervention; Stigma; Stigma reduction; Study Protocol; Theater; Theatre-based interventions
• ISSN: 2662-2211; 2662-2211
• DOI: 10.1186/s43058-022-00332-z

BackgroundIdentity Development Evolution and Sharing (IDEAS) is a theatre-based intervention for reducing healthcare provider stigma. IDEAS films are created by collecting narratives from people who have experienced discrimination and healthcare inequity, partnering with professional playwrights to create theatrical scripts that maintain the words of the narratives while arranging them into compelling storylines involving several interviews, and hiring professional actors to perform and record scenes. IDEAS implementation requires a moderator to establish a respectful learning environment, play the filmed performance, set ground rules for discussion, and moderate a discussion between healthcare providers who viewed the film and invited panelists who are members of the minoritized population being discussed. IDEAS’ impact on provider stigma is measured via pre/post Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – Stigma (AAQ-S) data collected from participating providers. The objectives of this manuscript are to provide narrative review of how provider stigma may lead to healthcare inequity and health disparities, describe the conceptual frameworks underpinning the IDEAS intervention, and outline methods for IDEAS implementation and implementation evaluation.MethodsThis manuscript describes a hybrid type 3 design study protocol that uses the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to evaluate external facilitation, used as an implementation strategy to expand the reach of IDEAS. CFIR is also used to assess the impact of characteristics of the intervention and implementation climate on implementation success. Implementation success is defined by intervention feasibility and acceptability as well as self-efficacy of internal facilitators. This manuscript details the protocol for collection and evaluation of implementation data alongside that of effectiveness data. The manuscript provides new information about the use of configurational analysis, which uses Boolean algebra to analyze pathways to implementation success considering each variable, within and across diverse clinical sites across the USA.DiscussionThe significance of this protocol is that it outlines important information for future hybrid type 3 designs wishing to incorporate configurational analyses and/or studies using behavioral or atypical, complex, innovative interventions. The current lack of evidence supporting occupational justice-focused interventions and the strong evidence of stigma influencing health inequities underscore the necessity for the IDEAS intervention.