Diaphragm thickening fraction predicts noninvasive ventilation outcome: a preliminary physiological study

• Published in: Critical care (London, England) Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 1 - 219
• Main Authors: Mercurio, Giovanna, D'Arrigo, Sonia, Moroni, Rossana, Grieco, Domenico Luca, Menga, Luca Salvatore, Romano, Anna, Annetta, Maria Giuseppina, Bocci, Maria Grazia, Eleuteri, Davide, Bello, Giuseppe, Montini, Luca, Pennisi, Mariano Alberto, Conti, Giorgio, Antonelli, Massimo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central Ltd 26-06-2021; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Abdomen; Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Acute respiratory failure; Care and treatment; Coma; Critical care; Diagnosis; Diaphragm; Diaphragm (Anatomy); Diaphragm thickening fraction; Gases; Health aspects; Intubation; Noninvasive ventilation; Oxygen therapy; Patients; Physiological aspects; Physiology; Prognosis; Rapid shallow breathing index; Respiration; Respiratory failure; Respiratory therapy; Ultrasonic imaging; Ultrasound; Ventilators; Weaning; Workloads; Italy
• ISSN: 1364-8535; 1364-8535; 1366-609X; 1466-609X
• DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03638-x

Background A correlation between unsuccessful noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and poor outcome has been suggested in de-novo Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) patients. Consequently, it is of paramount importance to identify accurate predictors of NIV outcome. The aim of our preliminary study is to evaluate the Diaphragmatic Thickening Fraction (DTF) and the respiratory rate/DTF ratio as predictors of NIV outcome in de-novo ARF patients. Methods Over 36 months, we studied patients admitted to the emergency department with a diagnosis of de-novo ARF and requiring NIV treatment. DTF and respiratory rate/DTF ratio were measured by 2 trained operators at baseline, at 1, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of NIV treatment and/or until NIV discontinuation or intubation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the ability of DTF and respiratory rate/DTF ratio to distinguish between patients who were successfully weaned and those who failed. Results Eighteen patients were included. We found overall good repeatability of DTF assessment, with Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.72-0.88). The cut-off values of DTF for prediction of NIV failure were < 36.3% and < 37.1% for the operator 1 and 2 (p < 0.0001), respectively. The cut-off value of respiratory rate/DTF ratio for prediction of NIV failure was > 0.6 for both operators (p < 0.0001). Conclusion DTF and respiratory rate/DTF ratio may both represent valid, feasible and noninvasive tools to predict NIV outcome in patients with de-novo ARF. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02976233, registered 26 November 2016. Keywords: Acute respiratory failure, Noninvasive ventilation, Ultrasound, Diaphragm thickening fraction, Rapid shallow breathing index