Towards clinically translatable in vivo nanodiagnostics

• Published in: Nature reviews. Materials Vol. 2; no. 5; p. 17014
• Main Authors: Park, Seung-min, Aalipour, Amin, Vermesh, Ophir, Yu, Jung Ho, Gambhir, Sanjiv S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01-05-2017; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 639/166/985; 639/301/357; 639/925/352; 639/925/357; Biological properties; Biomaterials; Biopsy; Cancer therapies; Chemistry and Materials Science; Condensed Matter Physics; Contrast agents; Disease; FDA approval; Imaging; Magnetic resonance imaging; Materials Science; Medicine; Nanomaterials; Nanotechnology; Optical and Electronic Materials; Physical properties; Radiation; Radiography; review-article; Tomography; Ultrasonic imaging; X-rays; Physical sciences / Materials science / Nanoscale materials [URI /639/301/357]; Physical sciences / Nanoscience and technology / Nanoscale materials [URI /639/925/357]; Physical sciences / Nanoscience and technology / Nanomedicine [URI /639/925/352]; Physical sciences / Engineering / Biomedical engineering [URI /639/166/985]
• ISSN: 2058-8437; 2058-8437
• DOI: 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.14

Nanodiagnostics as a field makes use of fundamental advances in nanobiotechnology to diagnose, characterize and manage disease at the molecular scale. As these strategies move closer to routine clinical use, a proper understanding of different imaging modalities, relevant biological systems and physical properties governing nanoscale interactions is necessary to rationally engineer next-generation bionanomaterials. In this Review, we analyse the background physics of several clinically relevant imaging modalities and their associated sensitivity and specificity, provide an overview of the materials currently used for
in vivo
nanodiagnostics, and assess the progress made towards clinical translation. This work provides a framework for understanding both the impressive progress made thus far in the nanodiagnostics field as well as presenting challenges that must be overcome to obtain widespread clinical adoption.
Nanodiagnostics is a rapidly emerging field that leverages advances in nanobiotechnology to better visualize and diagnose disease. In this Review, we provide an overview of several clinically relevant imaging modalities and discuss how nanodiagnostics are enhancing their use.