Lung Function in Rescue Workers at the World Trade Center after 7 Years
Lung function was measured in firefighters and emergency-medical-service workers who responded to the collapse of the World Trade Center towers in New York on September 11, 2001. There was initial marked loss in lung-function measures without substantial recovery during the following 7 years. Lung f...
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| Published in: | The New England journal of medicine Vol. 362; no. 14; pp. 1263 - 1272 |
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Waltham, MA
Massachusetts Medical Society
08-04-2010
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| Abstract | Lung function was measured in firefighters and emergency-medical-service workers who responded to the collapse of the World Trade Center towers in New York on September 11, 2001. There was initial marked loss in lung-function measures without substantial recovery during the following 7 years.
Lung function was measured in firefighters and emergency-medical-service workers who responded to the collapse of the World Trade Center towers in New York on September 11, 2001. There was initial marked loss in lung-function measures without substantial recovery during the following 7 years.
The terrorist attack on the world Trade Center on September 11, 2001 (hereafter referred to as 9/11), and its consequent collapse killed 2751 persons, including 343 rescue workers employed by the Fire Department of New York City (FDNY) and exposed thousands of persons to a dense, persistent dust cloud of pulverized building materials and chemical by-products of combustion or pyrolysis.
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The FDNY rescue workers who responded to the World Trade Center site during the collapse or the subsequent 10-month rescue-and-recovery operations had substantial loss in pulmonary function during the first year after the event, more than 12 times the annual . . . |
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| AbstractList | Lung function was measured in firefighters and emergency-medical-service workers who responded to the collapse of the World Trade Center towers in New York on September 11, 2001. There was initial marked loss in lung-function measures without substantial recovery during the following 7 years.
Lung function was measured in firefighters and emergency-medical-service workers who responded to the collapse of the World Trade Center towers in New York on September 11, 2001. There was initial marked loss in lung-function measures without substantial recovery during the following 7 years.
The terrorist attack on the world Trade Center on September 11, 2001 (hereafter referred to as 9/11), and its consequent collapse killed 2751 persons, including 343 rescue workers employed by the Fire Department of New York City (FDNY) and exposed thousands of persons to a dense, persistent dust cloud of pulverized building materials and chemical by-products of combustion or pyrolysis.
1
The FDNY rescue workers who responded to the World Trade Center site during the collapse or the subsequent 10-month rescue-and-recovery operations had substantial loss in pulmonary function during the first year after the event, more than 12 times the annual . . . Background The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, exposed thousands of Fire Department of New York City (FDNY) rescue workers to dust, leading to substantial declines in lung function in the first year. We sought to determine the longer-term effects of exposure. Methods Using linear mixed models, we analyzed the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1 ) of both active and retired FDNY rescue workers on the basis of spirometry routinely performed at intervals of 12 to 18 months from March 12, 2000, to September 11, 2008. Results Of the 13,954 FDNY workers who were present at the World Trade Center between September 11, 2001, and September 24, 2001, a total of 12,781 (91.6%) participated in this study, contributing 61,746 quality-screened spirometric measurements. The median follow-up was 6.1 years for firefighters and 6.4 years for emergency-medical-services (EMS) workers. In the first year, the mean FEV1 decreased significantly for all workers, more for firefighters who had never smoked (a reduction of 439 ml; 95% confidence interval [CI], 408 to 471) than for EMS workers who had never smoked (a reduction of 267 ml; 95% CI, 263 to 271) (P<0.001 for both comparisons). There was little or no recovery in FEV1 during the subsequent 6 years, with a mean annualized reduction in FEV1 of 25 ml per year for firefighters and 40 ml per year for EMS workers. The proportion of workers who had never smoked and who had an FEV1 below the lower limit of the normal range increased during the first year, from 3% to 18% for firefighters and from 12% to 22% for EMS workers, stabilizing at about 13% for firefighters and 22% for EMS workers during the subsequent 6 years. Conclusions Exposure to World Trade Center dust led to large declines in FEV1 for FDNY rescue workers during the first year. Overall, these declines were persistent, without recovery over the next 6 years, leaving a substantial proportion of workers with abnormal lung function. The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, exposed thousands of Fire Department of New York City (FDNY) rescue workers to dust, leading to substantial declines in lung function in the first year. We sought to determine the longer-term effects of exposure. Using linear mixed models, we analyzed the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) of both active and retired FDNY rescue workers on the basis of spirometry routinely performed at intervals of 12 to 18 months from March 12, 2000, to September 11, 2008. Of the 13,954 FDNY workers who were present at the World Trade Center between September 11, 2001, and September 24, 2001, a total of 12,781 (91.6%) participated in this study, contributing 61,746 quality-screened spirometric measurements. The median follow-up was 6.1 years for firefighters and 6.4 years for emergency-medical-services (EMS) workers. In the first year, the mean FEV(1) decreased significantly for all workers, more for firefighters who had never smoked (a reduction of 439 ml; 95% confidence interval [CI], 408 to 471) than for EMS workers who had never smoked (a reduction of 267 ml; 95% CI, 263 to 271) (P<0.001 for both comparisons). There was little or no recovery in FEV(1) during the subsequent 6 years, with a mean annualized reduction in FEV(1) of 25 ml per year for firefighters and 40 ml per year for EMS workers. The proportion of workers who had never smoked and who had an FEV(1) below the lower limit of the normal range increased during the first year, from 3% to 18% for firefighters and from 12% to 22% for EMS workers, stabilizing at about 13% for firefighters and 22% for EMS workers during the subsequent 6 years. Exposure to World Trade Center dust led to large declines in FEV(1) for FDNY rescue workers during the first year. Overall, these declines were persistent, without recovery over the next 6 years, leaving a substantial proportion of workers with abnormal lung function. |
| Author | Webber, Mayris P Al-Othman, Fairouz Prezant, David J Weiden, Michael D Hall, Charles B Gustave, Jackson Cohen, Hillel W Zeig-Owens, Rachel Glass, Lara Aldrich, Thomas K Kelly, Kerry J Cosenza, Kaitlyn Christodoulou, Vasilios |
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| Snippet | Lung function was measured in firefighters and emergency-medical-service workers who responded to the collapse of the World Trade Center towers in New York on... The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, exposed thousands of Fire Department of New York City (FDNY) rescue workers to dust,... Background The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, exposed thousands of Fire Department of New York City (FDNY) rescue workers... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Air Pollutants Biological and medical sciences Confidence intervals Dust Female Follow-Up Studies Forced Expiratory Volume General aspects Humans Inhalation Exposure - adverse effects Linear Models Lung - physiology Male Medical sciences Miscellaneous Multivariate Analysis New York City Occupational Exposure - adverse effects Occupational medicine Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Recovery of Function Rescue Work Respiratory Physiological Phenomena September 11 Terrorist Attacks Spirometry |
| Title | Lung Function in Rescue Workers at the World Trade Center after 7 Years |
| URI | http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0910087 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20375403 https://www.proquest.com/docview/223918204 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4940972 |
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