Review of Emerging Pharmacotherapy for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019

• Published in: Pharmacotherapy Vol. 40; no. 5; pp. 416 - 437
• Main Authors: Barlow, Ashley, Landolf, Kaitlin M., Barlow, Brooke, Yeung, Siu Yan Amy, Heavner, Jason J., Claassen, Cassidy W., Heavner, Mojdeh S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-05-2020; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Adenosine Monophosphate - administration & dosage; Adenosine Monophosphate - adverse effects; Adenosine Monophosphate - analogs & derivatives; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Alanine - administration & dosage; Alanine - adverse effects; Alanine - analogs & derivatives; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - administration & dosage; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - adverse effects; Antiviral agents; Antiviral Agents - administration & dosage; Antiviral Agents - adverse effects; antivirals; Azetidines - administration & dosage; Azetidines - adverse effects; Betacoronavirus; Chloroquine - administration & dosage; Chloroquine - adverse effects; Clinical trials; Coronavirus Infections - drug therapy; Coronavirus Infections - therapy; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; COVID-19 Serotherapy; cytochrome P450; dialysis; Drug Combinations; Drug therapy; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine - administration & dosage; Hydroxychloroquine - adverse effects; Immunization, Passive; Immunomodulation; infectious disease; Interferon-alpha - administration & dosage; Interferon-alpha - adverse effects; liver; Lopinavir - administration & dosage; Lopinavir - adverse effects; Nelfinavir - administration & dosage; Nelfinavir - adverse effects; Nitro Compounds; Pandemics; Patients; Pneumonia, Viral - drug therapy; Purines; Pyrazoles; renal; Respiratory failure; Review of Therapeutics; Reviews of Therapeutics; Ribavirin - administration & dosage; Ribavirin - adverse effects; Ritonavir - administration & dosage; Ritonavir - adverse effects; SARS-CoV-2; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Sulfonamides - administration & dosage; Sulfonamides - adverse effects; Therapeutic applications; Thiazoles - administration & dosage; Thiazoles - adverse effects; dialysis; renal; antivirals; cytochrome P450; infectious disease; liver
• ISSN: 0277-0008; 1875-9114
• DOI: 10.1002/phar.2398

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has evolved into an emergent global pandemic. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) can manifest on a spectrum of illness from mild disease to severe respiratory failure requiring intensive care unit admission. As the incidence continues to rise at a rapid pace, critical care teams are faced with challenging treatment decisions. There is currently no widely accepted standard of care in the pharmacologic management of patients with COVID‐19. Urgent identification of potential treatment strategies is a priority. Therapies include novel agents available in clinical trials or through compassionate use, and other drugs, repurposed antiviral and immunomodulating therapies. Many have demonstrated in vitro or in vivo potential against other viruses that are similar to SARS‐CoV‐2. Critically ill patients with COVID‐19 have additional considerations related to adjustments for organ impairment and renal replacement therapies, complex lists of concurrent medications, limitations with drug administration and compatibility, and unique toxicities that should be evaluated when utilizing these therapies. The purpose of this review is to summarize practical considerations for pharmacotherapy in patients with COVID‐19, with the intent of serving as a resource for health care providers at the forefront of clinical care during this pandemic.