A review of medical doppler ultrasonography of blood flow in general and especially in common carotid artery

• Published in: Journal of medical ultrasound Vol. 26; no. 1; pp. 3 - 13
• Main Authors: Oglat, Ammar, Matjafri, M, Suardi, Nursakinah, Oqlat, Mohammad, Abdelrahman, Mostafa, Oqlat, Ahmad
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: India Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd 01-01-2018; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd; Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
• Subjects: Doppler ultrasound terminology; physics of ultrasound; Review; sonography; spectral Doppler of common carotid artery; Doppler ultrasound terminology; physics of ultrasound; spectral Doppler of common carotid artery; sonography
• ISSN: 0929-6441; 2212-1552
• DOI: 10.4103/JMU.JMU_11_17

Medical Doppler ultrasound is usually utilized in the clinical adjusting to evaluate and estimate blood flow in both the major (large) and the minor (tiny) vessels of the body. The normal and abnormal sign waveforms can be shown by spectral Doppler technique. The sign waveform is individual to each vessel. Thus, it is significant for the operator and the clinicians to understand the normal and abnormal diagnostic in a spectral Doppler show. The aim of this review is to explain the physical principles behind the medical Doppler ultrasound, also, to use some of the mathematical formulas utilized in the medical Doppler ultrasound examination. Furthermore, we discussed the color and spectral flow model of Doppler ultrasound. Finally, we explained spectral Doppler sign waveforms to show both the normal and abnormal signs waveforms that are individual to the common carotid artery, because these signs are important for both the radiologist and sonographer to perceive both the normal and abnormal in a spectral Doppler show.