Psychosocial buffers of traumatic stress, depressive symptoms, and psychosocial difficulties in veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom: The role of resilience, unit support, and postdeployment social support

• Published in: Journal of affective disorders Vol. 120; no. 1; pp. 188 - 192
• Main Authors: Pietrzak, Robert H, Johnson, Douglas C, Goldstein, Marc B, Malley, James C, Rivers, Alison J, Morgan, Charles A, Southwick, Steven M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier B.V 01-01-2010; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adult; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Anxiety disorders. Neuroses; Biological and medical sciences; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis; Depressive Disorder, Major - epidemiology; Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology; Freedom; Humans; Iraq War, 2003-2011; Male; Medical sciences; Military Personnel - psychology; Military Personnel - statistics & numerical data; Mood disorders; Post-traumatic stress disorder; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Psychosocial functioning; Resilience; Social Support; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - prevention & control; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology; Surveys and Questionnaires; Veterans; Veterans - psychology; Depression; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Veterans; Social support; Resilience; Mood disorder; Human; Anxiety disorder; Veteran; Psychosocial factor; Freedom; Stress
• ISSN: 0165-0327; 1573-2517
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.04.015

Abstract Background Little research has examined the role of protective factors such as psychological resilience, unit support, and postdeployment social support in buffering against PTSD and depressive symptoms, and psychosocial difficulties in veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Materials and methods A total of 272 OEF/OIF veterans completed a survey containing PTSD and depression screening measures, and questionnaires assessing resilience, social support, and psychosocial functioning. Results Lower unit support and postdeployment social support were associated with increased PTSD and depressive symptoms, and decreased resilience and psychosocial functioning. Path analyses suggested that resilience fully mediated the association between unit support and PTSD and depressive symptoms, and that postdeployment social support partially mediated the association between PTSD and depressive symptoms and psychosocial functioning. Limitations Generalizability of results is limited by the relatively low response rate and predominantly older and reserve/National Guard sample. Conclusions These results suggest that interventions designed to bolster unit support, resilience, and postdeployment support may help protect against traumatic stress and depressive symptoms, and improve psychosocial functioning in veterans.