Phase Separation and Transcription Regulation: Are Super‐Enhancers and Locus Control Regions Primary Sites of Transcription Complex Assembly?
It is proposed that the multiple enhancer elements associated with locus control regions and super‐enhancers recruit RNA polymerase II and efficiently assemble elongation competent transcription complexes that are transferred to target genes by transcription termination and transient looping mechani...
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| Published in: | BioEssays Vol. 41; no. 1; pp. e1800164 - n/a |
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| Abstract | It is proposed that the multiple enhancer elements associated with locus control regions and super‐enhancers recruit RNA polymerase II and efficiently assemble elongation competent transcription complexes that are transferred to target genes by transcription termination and transient looping mechanisms. It is well established that transcription complexes are recruited not only to promoters but also to enhancers, where they generate enhancer RNAs. Transcription at enhancers is unstable and frequently aborted. Furthermore, the Integrator and WD‐domain containing protein 82 mediate transcription termination at enhancers. Abortion and termination of transcription at the multiple enhancers of locus control regions and super‐enhancers provide a large pool of elongation competent transcription complexes. These are efficiently captured by strong basal promoter elements at target genes during transient looping interactions.
Super‐enhancers and locus control regions recruit Mediator and RNA Polymerase II transcription complexes, which form phase separated domains. It is proposed that transcription abortion and termination at the super‐enhancers provides a large pool of transcription competent Pol II that is efficiently captured by strong basal promoter elements at the target genes. |
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| AbstractList | It is proposed that the multiple enhancer elements associated with locus control regions and super-enhancers recruit RNA polymerase II and efficiently assemble elongation competent transcription complexes that are transferred to target genes by transcription termination and transient looping mechanisms. It is well established that transcription complexes are recruited not only to promoters but also to enhancers, where they generate enhancer RNAs. Transcription at enhancers is unstable and frequently aborted. Furthermore, the Integrator and WD-domain containing protein 82 mediate transcription termination at enhancers. Abortion and termination of transcription at the multiple enhancers of locus control regions and super-enhancers provide a large pool of elongation competent transcription complexes. These are efficiently captured by strong basal promoter elements at target genes during transient looping interactions. We propose that the multiple enhancer elements associated with locus control regions and super-enhancers recruit RNA polymerase II and efficiently assemble elongation competent transcription complexes that are transferred to target genes by transcription termination and transient looping mechanisms. It is well established that transcription complexes are recruited not only to promoters but also to enhancers, where they generate enhancer RNAs. Recently, it was shown that transcription at enhancers is unstable and frequently aborted. Furthermore, the Integrator and WD-domain containing protein 82 were shown to mediate transcription termination at enhancers. Abortion and termination of transcription at the multiple enhancers of locus control regions and super-enhancers provides a large pool of elongation competent transcription complexes. These are efficiently captured by strong basal promoter elements at target genes during transient looping interactions. Super-enhancers and locus control regions recruit Mediator and RNA Polymerase II transcription complexes, which form phase separated domains. We propose that transcription abortion and termination at the super-enhancers provides a large pool of transcription competent Pol II that is efficiently captured by strong basal promoter elements at the target genes. It is proposed that the multiple enhancer elements associated with locus control regions and super‐enhancers recruit RNA polymerase II and efficiently assemble elongation competent transcription complexes that are transferred to target genes by transcription termination and transient looping mechanisms. It is well established that transcription complexes are recruited not only to promoters but also to enhancers, where they generate enhancer RNAs. Transcription at enhancers is unstable and frequently aborted. Furthermore, the Integrator and WD‐domain containing protein 82 mediate transcription termination at enhancers. Abortion and termination of transcription at the multiple enhancers of locus control regions and super‐enhancers provide a large pool of elongation competent transcription complexes. These are efficiently captured by strong basal promoter elements at target genes during transient looping interactions. Super‐enhancers and locus control regions recruit Mediator and RNA Polymerase II transcription complexes, which form phase separated domains. It is proposed that transcription abortion and termination at the super‐enhancers provides a large pool of transcription competent Pol II that is efficiently captured by strong basal promoter elements at the target genes. |
| Author | Gunn, Eliot M. Gurumurthy, Aishwarya Shen, Yong Bungert, Jörg |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Aishwarya surname: Gurumurthy fullname: Gurumurthy, Aishwarya organization: University of Florida – sequence: 2 givenname: Yong surname: Shen fullname: Shen, Yong organization: University of Florida – sequence: 3 givenname: Eliot M. surname: Gunn fullname: Gunn, Eliot M. organization: University of Florida – sequence: 4 givenname: Jörg surname: Bungert fullname: Bungert, Jörg email: jbungert@ufl.edu organization: University of Florida |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30500078$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | It is proposed that the multiple enhancer elements associated with locus control regions and super‐enhancers recruit RNA polymerase II and efficiently assemble... It is proposed that the multiple enhancer elements associated with locus control regions and super-enhancers recruit RNA polymerase II and efficiently assemble... We propose that the multiple enhancer elements associated with locus control regions and super-enhancers recruit RNA polymerase II and efficiently assemble... |
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| SubjectTerms | beta-Globins - genetics DNA-directed RNA polymerase Elongation Enhancer Elements, Genetic Enhancers Gene Expression Regulation Gene regulation Genes Humans Loci Locus Control Region mediators Phase separation Proteins Ribonucleic acid RNA RNA polymerase RNA polymerase II RNA Polymerase II - metabolism super‐enhancer Transcription elongation transcription regulation Transcription termination Transcription, Genetic |
| Title | Phase Separation and Transcription Regulation: Are Super‐Enhancers and Locus Control Regions Primary Sites of Transcription Complex Assembly? |
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