Assessment of ≥50% and <50% intracranial stenoses by transcranial color-coded duplex sonography

• Published in: Stroke (1970) Vol. 30; no. 1; pp. 87 - 92
• Main Authors: BAUMGARTNER, R. W, MATTLE, H. P, SCHROTH, G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hagerstown, MD Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 1999; American Heart Association, Inc
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Arterial Occlusive Diseases - diagnostic imaging; Arterial Occlusive Diseases - drug therapy; Aspirin - administration & dosage; Biological and medical sciences; Carotid Arteries - diagnostic imaging; Carotid Stenosis - diagnostic imaging; Carotid Stenosis - drug therapy; Cerebral Angiography; Cerebral Arteries - diagnostic imaging; Cerebrovascular Circulation - drug effects; Female; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Neurology; Observer Variation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors - administration & dosage; Prospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial - methods; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial - standards; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial - statistics & numerical data; Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system; Sonography; Performance evaluation; Human; Intracranial; Nervous system diseases; Stenosis; Cardiovascular disease; Exploration; Medical screening; Duplex ultrasonography; Artery; Cerebral disorder; Arterial disease; Vascular disease; Transcranial route; Color echography; Central nervous system disease; Medical imagery; Cerebrovascular disease
• ISSN: 0039-2499; 1524-4628
• DOI: 10.1161/01.str.30.1.87

A favorable risk-benefit ratio for warfarin compared with aspirin has been reported for the prevention of major vascular events in symptomatic >/=50% intracranial stenoses. Transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCS) criteria providing an accurate detection of >/=50% and <50% stenoses of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries and basilar and vertebral arteries were evaluated retrospectively with angiography used as the standard of reference.
Prospectively collected TCCS, extracranial color-coded duplex sonography, and intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography data of 310 patients were reviewed. The patients had angiography for confirmation of symptomatic extracranial >/=70% carotid stenoses, symptomatic stenoses (peak systolic velocity higher than the corresponding mean value +2 SDs of 104 normal subjects), and occlusions of the middle cerebral or basilar artery previously assessed by ultrasound. The sonographer was not aware of angiographic findings.
TCCS would have detected all 31 of >/=50% intracranial stenoses with 1 false-positive and 35 of 38 <50% stenoses with 3 false-positives. One of 69 stenoses (1%) and 280 of 2741 normal arteries (10%) were missed because of inadequate insonation windows. The corresponding peak systolic velocity cutoffs for >/=50%/<50% stenoses were >/=155/>/=120 cm/s (anterior cerebral artery), >/=220/>/=155 cm/s (middle cerebral artery), >/=145/>/=100 cm/s (posterior cerebral artery), >/=140/>/=100 cm/s (basilar artery), and >/=120/>/=90 cm/s (vertebral artery).
TCCS may reliably assess >/=50% and <50% basal cerebral artery narrowing and prove useful for noninvasive management of patients with symptomatic intracranial stenoses.