The Role of Oxidative Stress in Kidney Injury

• Published in: Antioxidants Vol. 12; no. 9; p. 1772
• Main Authors: Piko, Nejc, Bevc, Sebastjan, Hojs, Radovan, Ekart, Robert
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-09-2023; MDPI
• Subjects: acute kidney injury; acute tubular necrosis; Antioxidants; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; chronic kidney disease; Chronic kidney failure; Communicable diseases; Complications; Dapagliflozin; Defense mechanisms; Diabetes; Diabetic nephropathy; Electrolytes; Enzymes; Health aspects; Hemodialysis; Inflammation; Kidney diseases; Kidney transplantation; Metabolism; Morbidity; Mortality; Occupational exposure; Oxidation; Oxidative stress; Peritoneal dialysis; reactive oxygen species; Review; Risk factors; Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc
• ISSN: 2076-3921; 2076-3921
• DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091772

Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease are among the most common non-communicable diseases in the developed world, with increasing prevalence. Patients with acute kidney injury are at an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease. One of kidney injury’s most common clinical sequelae is increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In recent years, new insights into the pathophysiology of renal damage have been made. Oxidative stress is the imbalance favoring the increased generation of ROS and/or reduced body’s innate antioxidant defense mechanisms and is of pivotal importance, not only in the development and progression of kidney disease but also in understanding the enhanced cardiovascular risk in these patients. This article summarizes and emphasizes the role of oxidative stress in acute kidney injury, various forms of chronic kidney disease, and also in patients on renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and after kidney transplant). Additionally, the role of oxidative stress in the development of drug-related nephrotoxicity and also in the development after exposure to various environmental and occupational pollutants is presented.