Evaluation of reproductive protection against bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus-1 afforded by annual revaccination with modified-live viral or combination modified-live/killed viral vaccines after primary vaccination with modified-live viral vaccine

• Published in: Vaccine Vol. 35; no. 7; pp. 1046 - 1054
• Main Authors: Walz, Paul H, Givens, M. Daniel, Rodning, Soren P, Riddell, Kay P, Brodersen, Bruce W, Scruggs, Daniel, Short, Thomas, Grotelueschen, Dale
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 15-02-2017; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Abortion; Abortion, Spontaneous - immunology; Abortion, Spontaneous - prevention & control; Abortion, Spontaneous - virology; Abortion, Veterinary - immunology; Abortion, Veterinary - prevention & control; Abortion, Veterinary - virology; Allergy and Immunology; Animals; Antibodies, Viral - biosynthesis; Antigens; Beef; Bovine herpesvirus 1; Bovine viral diarrhea virus; Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease - immunology; Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease - prevention & control; Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease - virology; Cattle; Diarrhea; Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral - drug effects; Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral - immunology; Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral - pathogenicity; Female; Fetus; Fetuses; Flaviviridae; Herpesviridae; Herpesvirus 1, Bovine - drug effects; Herpesvirus 1, Bovine - immunology; Herpesvirus 1, Bovine - pathogenicity; Immunization; Immunization, Secondary; Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis - immunology; Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis - prevention & control; Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis - virology; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - prevention & control; Offspring; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - immunology; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - prevention & control; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - virology; Reproductive protection; Respiratory syncytial virus; Ultrasonic imaging; Vaccine efficacy; Vaccines; Vaccines, Attenuated; Vaccines, Combined; Vaccines, Inactivated; Viral infections; Viral Vaccines - administration & dosage; Bovine herpesvirus 1; Bovine viral diarrhea virus; Cattle; Reproductive protection; Vaccine efficacy
• ISSN: 0264-410X; 1873-2518
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.006

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare reproductive protection in cattle against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) provided by annual revaccination with multivalent modified-live viral (MLV) vaccine or multivalent combination viral (CV) vaccine containing temperature-sensitive modified-live BoHV-1 and killed BVDV when MLV vaccines were given pre-breeding to nulliparous heifers. Seventy-five beef heifers were allocated into treatment groups A (n = 30; two MLV doses pre-breeding, annual revaccination with MLV vaccine), B (n = 30; two MLV doses pre-breeding, annual revaccination with CV vaccine) and C (n = 15; saline in lieu of vaccine). Heifers were administered treatments on days 0 (weaning), 183 (pre-breeding), 366 (first gestation), and 738 (second gestation). After first calving, primiparous cows were bred, with pregnancy assessment on day 715. At that time, 24 group A heifers (23 pregnancies), 23 group B heifers (22 pregnancies), and 15 group C heifers (15 pregnancies) were commingled with six persistently infected (PI) cattle for 16 days. Ninety-nine days after PI removal, cows were intravenously inoculated with BoHV-1. All fetuses and live offspring were assessed for BVDV and BoHV-1. Abortions occurred in 3/23 group A cows, 1/22 group B cows, and 11/15 group C cows. Fetal infection with BVDV or BoHV-1 occurred in 4/23 group A offspring, 0/22 group B offspring, and 15/15 group C offspring. This research demonstrates efficacy of administering two pre-breeding doses of MLV vaccine with annual revaccination using CV vaccine to prevent fetal loss due to exposure to BVDV and BoHV-1.