Neoliberalism in Latin America: effects on health system reforms

• Published in: Revista de saúde pública Vol. 54; p. 74
• Main Authors: Göttems, Leila Bernarda Donato, Mollo, Maria de Lourdes Rollemberg
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English; Portuguese
• Published: Brazil Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo 01-01-2020; Universidade de São Paulo
• Subjects: Health Care Reform; Health Care Reform - organization & administration; Health Policy; Health Policy & Services; Health Systems; Humans; Latin America; Politics; Review; Latin America; Health Systems; Health Care Reform; Política de Saúde; Reforma dos Serviços de Saúde; América Latina; Sistemas de Saúde; Health Policy; Latin America
• ISSN: 0034-8910; 1518-8787; 1518-8787
• DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054001806

OBJECTIVE To analyze the recommendations of international organizations based on the Washington Consensus on health system reforms of selected countries in Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1980s and 1990s and to investigate the effects of the competitive market logic on public action in the health system. METHODS Comparative analysis of the characteristics of health system reforms conducted in the 1980s and 1990s, still seen in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. Data were collected by documental analysis and literature review. The systems were described based on the characteristics of: co-payment, privatization mechanisms, decentralization, fragmentation of the system, integration of funding sources and coverage of the population (universal or segmented). RESULTS The reforms were implemented differently, worsening inequalities in health service delivery systems. Changes related to the neoliberal idea of transforming public action in the direction of private logic point to the predominance of competition rules and the reduction in economic costs in all countries analyzed, contrary to the logic of universal health systems. CONCLUSION The reduction in economic costs, the fragmentation of systems and inequalities in the provision of health services, among others, may mean other future costs resulting from low protection to the population's health. A striking and multidimensional counter-reform is essential to make health a right of all again, in a solidarity system that can lead to the reduction in inequalities and a more democratic society.