Psychological symptoms correlate with reduced hippocampal volume in fragile X premutation carriers

• Published in: American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics Vol. 153B; no. 3; pp. 775 - 785
• Main Authors: Adams, P.E., Adams, J.S., Nguyen, D.V., Hessl, D., Brunberg, J.A., Tassone, F., Zhang, W., Koldewyn, K., Rivera, S.M., Grigsby, J., Zhang, L., DeCarli, C., Hagerman, P.J., Hagerman, R.J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 01-04-2010; Wiley-Liss
• Subjects: Adult; Age; Aged; Anxiety; Anxiety - psychology; Ataxia; Biological and medical sciences; Case-Control Studies; Chromosome fragility (bloom syndrome, ataxia telangiectasia, fanconi anemia, x-linked mental retardation...); Cognitive ability; Data processing; Female; fragile X; fragile X mental retardation protein; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein - genetics; Fragile X syndrome; Fragile X Syndrome - genetics; Fragile X Syndrome - psychology; FXTAS; General aspects. Genetic counseling; Heterozygote; Hippocampus; Hippocampus - pathology; Humans; Magnetic resonance imaging; Male; Medical genetics; Medical sciences; Mental retardation; Middle Aged; Mutation - genetics; Neurodegenerative diseases; Organ Size; premutation; tremor; Chromosome fragility; Symptomatology; Genetic counseling; Volume; premutation; FXTAS; Anxiety; Carrier; Fragile X syndrome; fragile X; Hippocampus; Genetic disease
• ISSN: 1552-4841; 1552-485X; 1552-485X
• DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31046

Fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a neurodegenerative disorder occurring in male and occasional female carriers of a premutation expansion (55–200 CGG repeats) of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1). This study assessed the relationship between hippocampal volume and psychological symptoms in carriers, both with and without FXTAS, and controls. Volumetric MRI measures, clinical staging, cognitive testing, molecular analysis, and measures of psychological symptoms were performed for female premutation carriers both with FXTAS (n = 16, age: 57.50 ± 12.46) and without FXTAS (n = 17, age: 44.94 ± 11.23), in genetically normal female controls (n = 8, age: 50.63 ± 11.43), male carriers with FXTAS (n = 34, age: 66.44 ± 6.77) and without FXTAS (n = 21, age: 52.38 ± 12.11), and genetically normal male controls (n = 30, age: 57.20 ± 14.12). We examined the relationship between psychological symptom severity and hippocampal volume, as well as correlations with molecular data. We found a significant negative correlation between total hippocampal volume and anxiety in female carriers, with and without FXTAS. This finding was mainly driven by the significant negative correlation between right hippocampal volume and anxiety. Other anxiety‐related subscales also correlated with the right hippocampus in females. In male carriers with and without FXTAS, only paranoid ideation negatively correlated with hippocampal volume. Female premutation carriers demonstrated a negative association between hippocampal volume and the severity of anxiety‐related psychological symptoms. Though the presentation of FXTAS symptoms is less common in females, anxiety‐related problems are common both prior to and after the onset of FXTAS, and may be related to hippocampal changes. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.