Multifunctional drugs as novel antidotes for organophosphates’ poisoning

• Published in: Toxicology (Amsterdam) Vol. 290; no. 2; pp. 149 - 155
• Main Authors: Weissman, Ben Avi, Raveh, Lily
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ireland Ltd 18-12-2011; Elsevier
• Subjects: acetylcholine; Acetylcholine - metabolism; Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic); acetylcholinesterase; Animals; antagonists; Anticonvulsants. Antiepileptics. Antiparkinson agents; antidotes; Antidotes - pharmacology; atropine; Atropine - pharmacology; Biological and medical sciences; Caramiphen; Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases; Cholinergic Antagonists - pharmacology; Cognitive dysfunction; Cyclopentanes - pharmacology; death; Designed multi-targeted ligands; distress; Emergency; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists - pharmacology; Gas, fumes; Humans; ion channels; Medical sciences; military personnel; Multifunctional; Muscarinic Antagonists - pharmacology; nerve tissue; Neuropharmacology; Organophosphate; Organophosphate Poisoning; organophosphorus compounds; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; poisoning; Poisoning - drug therapy; receptors; Sarin; scopolamine; Scopolamine Hydrobromide - pharmacology; seizures; survival rate; therapeutics; toxic substances; toxicity; Toxicology; TCP; AMPA; organophosphorous; benactyzine; trihexyphenidyl; ACh; N-methyl- d-aspartate; EAAs; DMLs; Glu; 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(F) quinoxaline; Organophosphate; cholinesterases; γ-amino-utyric acid; Sarin; NMDA; caramiphen; scopolamine; THP; glutamate; Cognitive dysfunction; PHY; ChE; OP; excitatory amino acids; BEN; physostigmine; thienylcyclohexylpiperidine; Multifunctional; 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine; designed multi-targeted ligands; α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid; DTG; GABA; acetylcholine; SCO; CRM; NBQX; Designed multi-targeted ligands; Caramiphen; Drug; Toxic gas; Cognitive disorder; Targeting; Ligand; Antiparkinson agent; Design; Chemical warfare agent; Anticholinergic agent; Cholinergic receptor; Target; Muscarinic receptor; Poisoning; Organophosphorus compounds; Antagonist; Anticholinesterase agent; Antidote
• ISSN: 0300-483X; 1879-3185
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.09.004

Highlights ► Exposures to organophosphates produce complex pathological circumstances ► Conjugating drugs active against OP toxicity may lead to better antidotes. ► Multifunctional drugs could afford improved protection against exposure to nerve agents.