Immune system transcriptome in gingival tissues of young nonhuman primates
Background and Objective Young/adolescent humans harbor many microorganisms associated with periodontal disease in adults and show substantial gingival inflammatory responses. However, younger individuals do not demonstrate the soft‐ and hard‐tissue destruction that hallmark periodontitis. Material...
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Published in: | Journal of periodontal research Vol. 51; no. 2; pp. 152 - 163 |
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Format: | Journal Article |
Language: | English |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01-04-2016
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Abstract | Background and Objective
Young/adolescent humans harbor many microorganisms associated with periodontal disease in adults and show substantial gingival inflammatory responses. However, younger individuals do not demonstrate the soft‐ and hard‐tissue destruction that hallmark periodontitis.
Material and Methods
This study evaluated responses to the oral microbial ecology in gingival tissues from clinically healthy young Macaca mulatta (< 3 years of age) compared with older animals (5–23 years of age). RNA was isolated from the tissues and analyzed for the transcriptome using the Rhesus Macaque GeneChip (Affymetrix).
Results
Global transcriptional profiling of four age groups revealed a subset of 159 genes that were differentially expressed across at least one of the age comparisons. Correlation metrics generated a relevance network ion of these genes. Partitioning of the relevance network revealed seven distinct communities comprising functionally related genes associated with host inflammatory and immune responses. A group of genes was identified that were selectively increased/decreased or positively/negatively correlated with gingival profiles in the animals. A principal components analysis created metagenes of expression profiles for classifying the 23 animals.
Conclusion
The results provide novel system‐level insights into gene‐expression differences in gingival tissues from healthy young animals, weighted toward host responses associated with anti‐inflammatory biomolecules or those linked with T‐cell regulation of responses. The combination of the regulated microenvironment may help to explain the apparent ‘resistance’ of younger individuals to developing periodontal disease. |
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AbstractList | Background and Objective
Young/adolescent humans harbor many microorganisms associated with periodontal disease in adults and show substantial gingival inflammatory responses. However, younger individuals do not demonstrate the soft‐ and hard‐tissue destruction that hallmark periodontitis.
Material and Methods
This study evaluated responses to the oral microbial ecology in gingival tissues from clinically healthy young Macaca mulatta (< 3 years of age) compared with older animals (5–23 years of age). RNA was isolated from the tissues and analyzed for the transcriptome using the Rhesus Macaque GeneChip (Affymetrix).
Results
Global transcriptional profiling of four age groups revealed a subset of 159 genes that were differentially expressed across at least one of the age comparisons. Correlation metrics generated a relevance network ion of these genes. Partitioning of the relevance network revealed seven distinct communities comprising functionally related genes associated with host inflammatory and immune responses. A group of genes was identified that were selectively increased/decreased or positively/negatively correlated with gingival profiles in the animals. A principal components analysis created metagenes of expression profiles for classifying the 23 animals.
Conclusion
The results provide novel system‐level insights into gene‐expression differences in gingival tissues from healthy young animals, weighted toward host responses associated with anti‐inflammatory biomolecules or those linked with T‐cell regulation of responses. The combination of the regulated microenvironment may help to explain the apparent ‘resistance’ of younger individuals to developing periodontal disease. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEYoung/adolescent humans harbor many microorganisms associated with periodontal disease in adults and show substantial gingival inflammatory responses. However, younger individuals do not demonstrate the soft- and hard-tissue destruction that hallmark periodontitis.MATERIAL AND METHODSThis study evaluated responses to the oral microbial ecology in gingival tissues from clinically healthy young Macaca mulatta (< 3 years of age) compared with older animals (5-23 years of age). RNA was isolated from the tissues and analyzed for the transcriptome using the Rhesus Macaque GeneChip (Affymetrix).RESULTSGlobal transcriptional profiling of four age groups revealed a subset of 159 genes that were differentially expressed across at least one of the age comparisons. Correlation metrics generated a relevance network abstraction of these genes. Partitioning of the relevance network revealed seven distinct communities comprising functionally related genes associated with host inflammatory and immune responses. A group of genes was identified that were selectively increased/decreased or positively/negatively correlated with gingival profiles in the animals. A principal components analysis created metagenes of expression profiles for classifying the 23 animals.CONCLUSIONThe results provide novel system-level insights into gene-expression differences in gingival tissues from healthy young animals, weighted toward host responses associated with anti-inflammatory biomolecules or those linked with T-cell regulation of responses. The combination of the regulated microenvironment may help to explain the apparent 'resistance' of younger individuals to developing periodontal disease. Young/adolescent humans demonstrate many microorganisms associated with periodontal disease in adults and substantial gingival inflammatory responses. However, younger individuals do not demonstrate the soft and hard tissue destruction that hallmark periodontitis. This study evaluated responses to the oral microbial ecology in gingival tissues from clinically healthy young Macaca mulatta (<3 years old) compared to older animals (5-23 years old). Global transcriptional profiling of four age groups revealed a subset of 159 genes that were differentially expressed at least across one of the age comparisons. Correlation metrics generated a relevance network abstraction of these genes. Partitioning of the relevance network revealed seven distinct communities comprising functionally related genes associated with host inflammatory and immune responses. A group of genes were identified that were selectively increased/decreased or positively/negatively correlated with gingival profiles in the animals. A Principal Components Analysis created metagenes of expression profiles for classifying the 23 animals. The results provide novel system-level insights into gene expression differences in healthy young tissues weighted towards host responses that were associated with anti-inflammatory biomolecules or those linked with T cell regulation of responses. The combination of the regulated microenvironment may help to explain the apparent “resistance” of younger individuals to developing periodontal disease. Young/adolescent humans harbor many microorganisms associated with periodontal disease in adults and show substantial gingival inflammatory responses. However, younger individuals do not demonstrate the soft- and hard-tissue destruction that hallmark periodontitis. This study evaluated responses to the oral microbial ecology in gingival tissues from clinically healthy young Macaca mulatta (< 3 years of age) compared with older animals (5-23 years of age). RNA was isolated from the tissues and analyzed for the transcriptome using the Rhesus Macaque GeneChip (Affymetrix). Global transcriptional profiling of four age groups revealed a subset of 159 genes that were differentially expressed across at least one of the age comparisons. Correlation metrics generated a relevance network abstraction of these genes. Partitioning of the relevance network revealed seven distinct communities comprising functionally related genes associated with host inflammatory and immune responses. A group of genes was identified that were selectively increased/decreased or positively/negatively correlated with gingival profiles in the animals. A principal components analysis created metagenes of expression profiles for classifying the 23 animals. The results provide novel system-level insights into gene-expression differences in gingival tissues from healthy young animals, weighted toward host responses associated with anti-inflammatory biomolecules or those linked with T-cell regulation of responses. The combination of the regulated microenvironment may help to explain the apparent 'resistance' of younger individuals to developing periodontal disease. |
Author | Orraca, L. Nagarajan, R. Gonzalez-Martinez, J. A. Kirakodu, S. S. Ebersole, J. L. Gonzalez, O. A. Novak, M. J. |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky 4 Caribbean Primate Research Center, Sabana Seca, PR 3 School of Dentistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 2 Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 School of Dentistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR – name: 4 Caribbean Primate Research Center, Sabana Seca, PR – name: 1 Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky – name: 2 Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: O. A. surname: Gonzalez fullname: Gonzalez, O. A. organization: Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, KY, Lexington, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: R. surname: Nagarajan fullname: Nagarajan, R. organization: Division of Biomedical Informatics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: M. J. surname: Novak fullname: Novak, M. J. organization: Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, KY, Lexington, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: L. surname: Orraca fullname: Orraca, L. organization: School of Dentistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico – sequence: 5 givenname: J. A. surname: Gonzalez-Martinez fullname: Gonzalez-Martinez, J. A. organization: Caribbean Primate Research Center, Sabana Seca, Puerto Rico – sequence: 6 givenname: S. S. surname: Kirakodu fullname: Kirakodu, S. S. organization: Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, KY, Lexington, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: J. L. surname: Ebersole fullname: Ebersole, J. L. email: jleber2@uky.edu organization: Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, KY, Lexington, USA |
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Young/adolescent humans harbor many microorganisms associated with periodontal disease in adults and show substantial gingival... Young/adolescent humans harbor many microorganisms associated with periodontal disease in adults and show substantial gingival inflammatory responses. However,... BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEYoung/adolescent humans harbor many microorganisms associated with periodontal disease in adults and show substantial gingival... Young/adolescent humans demonstrate many microorganisms associated with periodontal disease in adults and substantial gingival inflammatory responses. However,... |
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SubjectTerms | aging Animals Gingiva Immune System inflammation Macaca mulatta nonhuman primates Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis Periodontitis Transcriptome |
Title | Immune system transcriptome in gingival tissues of young nonhuman primates |
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